local winds east of Proliv Vilkitskogo likely were responsible for 

 the movement of water through this shallow strait . 



The water movement and the re- 

 sultant changes in water character- 

 istics are shown in Figure 10. The 

 variations in values of observed 

 properties seem to have occurred 

 mostly above 25 meters with salinity 

 least affected. These observations 

 indicate that above 25 meters the 

 surface layers east of the strait 

 have values that correspond closely 

 in salinity to those west of the 

 pass. However, in the other param- 

 eters measured, e.g., reactive 

 silicate, reactive phosphorus, and 

 pH, the x^faters differ markedly. 



B. Continental Runoff. 



Continental Runoff is evident in 

 all Arctic Ocean studies. Nansen 

 (1902) stated that Continental 

 Fiinoff "...is the chief factor in 

 forming the layer of North Polar 

 Water with low salinity, covering 

 the sea that was transversed by the 

 Fram..,". Coachman and Barnes (1962), 

 in their study of the surface water 

 of the Eurasian Basin, noted that 

 most of the fresh water was spread 

 along the Siberian Coast before 

 entering the Arctic Ocean. Antonov 

 (1958) points out that the concentra- 

 tion of river discharge into the Kara 

 and Laptev Seas creates an intensive 

 summer runoff movement of surface 

 waters directed mainly towards the 

 north and east. Antonov gives the 

 volume of yearly discharge from the 

 Kara Sea Basin as 1,428 km® (this 

 figure includes the Pechora River) Xi^nich is more than one-half of 

 the total annual Continental Runoff (2,685 km®) into the Arctic Ocean 





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FIGURE 



Changes ?n Various Parameters 

 at 24-Hour Anchor Station 

 Located Near the Western 

 entrance to Proliv Vilkitskogo 



In Figure 11, the 0°C contour indicates the extent of Continental 

 Runoff emptying into the Kara Sea. The warm vraters spread almost 

 directly north from the river mouths across the Kara Sea to north 

 of SO^N. Surface movement in a southwesterly direction was indicated 

 by high temperatures along the southeast coast of Novaya Zemlya. Due 

 to the 6-week interval between the two phases of the survey, no attempt 

 was made to join surface contours of the separate phases. 



22 



