Map views depicting salinity and temperature distributions were 

 prepared for depths of 0, 10, 25, 50, and 100 meters. Reactive phosphorus, 

 reactive silicate, and pH concentrations at 10 meters were chosen 

 because this depth seemed to best depict Continental Runoff. A map 

 view and a cross section of temperature and salinity, based on Wiist's 

 Core Method, were prepared in an attempt to trace the deep Atlantic 

 Water movement into the Kara Sea. Map views delineating bottom topography 

 and ice conditions are presented. The topographic data were primarily 

 obtained from sonic depth soundings taken on oceanographic stations. 

 The ice map was modified from the map contained in the Cruise Report 

 of the NGRTHI'JIl'JD (NORTffiJIlTO, 1965). 



Temperature versus salinity (T-S) plots v/ere draivn for four of 

 the longer cross sections, and a T-S plot was drawn to show the presence 

 of various water masses in different geographical areas. 



Temporal variations were observed from data obtained at stations 

 reoccupied after a 6-week time lapse and by various data parameters 

 observed at the 24-hour current station. 



Fifty cross sections are presented in the appendix, the majority 

 of which are of temperature and salinity. 



II. OCEANOGRAPHY OF THE KARA SEA 



A. General. 



1. Physical Setting . The Kara Sea is a shallow sea enclosed 

 by the Franz Josef, Severnaya Zemlya, and Novaya Zemlya island groups; 

 the Russian mainland on the southeast; the Barents Sea on the west; 

 and the Arctic Ocean on the north (see Fig. 2). The sea is approximately 

 1,300km in length and has an area of 883,000kn^, an average depth 

 of 118m, and a volume of 104,000km®. The Kara Sea overlies a portion 

 of the Asian continental shelf; consequently, in only three areas 

 do depths exceed 200 meters (Fig. 6). One of these deep areas, the 

 East Novaya Zemlya Trough, lies along the eastern coast of Novaya 

 Zemlya and is a miniaturized deep sea trench complete with outer 

 ridge development (Johnson and Milligan, 1967) . The two other deep 

 areas, the Svyataya Anna Trough and the Voronin Trough located between 

 the Franz Josef Land and Seivernaya Zemlya Island groups, have the 

 same geomorpho logical history as the East Novaya Zemlya Trough; these 

 troughs deepen to the north and provide ingress for deep Atlantic 

 Water which has transited the Arctic Ocean. They also provide egress 

 of Kara Sea surface waters into the Arctic Basin. The deepest depths 

 found in the Kara Sea area are in excess of 600 meters where the 

 Svyataya Anna Trough incises the continental slope. A majority of 

 the observed depths of the I^ara Sea are less than 100 meters, and 

 a definite shoaling trend extends northward from the Ob and Yenisey 

 Rivers to the plateau between the Syvataya Anna and Voronin Troughs. 

 It is not likely that this plateau was formed depositionally as shown 



14 



