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TING ACTIVITY (Corporate author) 



U. S. NAVAL OCEANOGRAPHIC OFFICE 



all report is rlnssilied) 



REPORT SECURITY CLASS 



UNCLASSIFIED 



OCEANOGRAPHIC SURVEY RESULTS OF THE KARA SEA - SUMMER AND FALL 1965 



DESCRIPTIVE NOTES (Type of report and inclusive dates) 



Technical Report 18 July to 2 October 1965 



6- REPOR T D^ 



lU THORCSl (First name, middle initial, last name) 



DONALD B. MILLIGAN 



August 1969 



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64 



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31 



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=!OJEC T NO. 121 



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TR 217 



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U. S. NAVAL OCEANOGRAPHIC OFFICE 



NAVOCEANO made a survey of the Kara Sea during the summer and fall of 1965. 



Data were collected at 163 oceanographic Nansen stations and included serial-depth 

 temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, nitrogen, pH, reactive phosphorus, and reactive 

 silicate measurements. 



Six major water masses were found in the Kara Sea: Continental Runoff, Atlantic 

 Water, Arctic Water, Residual Water, Inflow from the ^aptev Sea, and Arctic Bottom 

 Water . 



Atlantic Water is brought into the Kara Sea both as a deep estuarine inflow from the 

 Arctic Ocean compensating for the outflow of shallower Continental Runoff and as a rela- 

 tively shallow inflow from the Barents Sea. This estuarine movement from the Arctic 

 Ocean raises the core depth of the Atlantic Water from 300 to 150 meters where it then 

 mixes with the inflow from the Barents Sea and Continental Runoff. The movement of 

 Atlantic Water across the Barents Sea and into the Kara Sea has largely been ignored by 

 American oceanographers. 



Arctic Water is formed in the shallow peripheral seas adjacent to the Arctic Ocean, 

 g, the Kara Sea, by mixing of Continental Runoff with the saline Atlantic Water. 

 Salinity and density increase as ice forms during the winter. 



Residual Water was found in the deeper areas of the East Novaya Zeralya Trough. This 

 water, formed by cooling and gradual sinking, had the coldest temperatures found on the 

 survey. 



Arctic Bottom Water was found in the deepest portions of the Svyataya Anna and 

 Voronin Troughs. It, like Atlantic Water, also is probably brought into the areas as a 

 countercurrent to the outflowing Continental Runoff. 



DD 



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