Snow and ice sometimes luminesce in these colder regions as a 

 result of entrapped dinoflagellates and crustaceans. One observer noted 

 his luminescent footprints in the snow as he walked along the edge of 

 the sea after dark. He described very intense but quickly fading bluish 

 white light outlining his footprints. Later investigations attributed 

 this light to luminescent crustaceans washed in from the sea into the 

 snow. 



Isachenko (191^) stated that luminescence was a common phenomenon 

 near Murmansk during autumn nights. Although the type of biolumines- 

 cence was not mentioned, certain luminescent dinoflagellates appear to 

 reach a maximum development in the waters of the western Barents Sea in 

 November and December. Other luminescent dinoflagellates are most abun- 

 dant in August. All of the seas fringing the Arctic Ocean probably 

 experience some spark-type bioluminescence due to crustaceans. 



hh 



