J. C. Ward — Development of Land. 



11 





No. Specs. 





No. Specs. 





Brit. 



Euro 



Brit. 



Euro 



Ophiura? 



1 



1 



Thecocyathus 



2 



2 



Astropecten 



1 



1 



Thecoseris 



• 



2 



Luidia 



1 



1 



Theeosmilia 



11 



15 



Flumaster 



1 



1 



CLASS SPONGID^. 







Tropidaster 



1 



1 



Cliona 



. 



2 



Uraster 



2 



2 



Grantia 



1 



1 



Apiocrinus ... 



Gotylederma ... 



1 

 2 



1 

 5 



Neurofungia 



1 



1 



Eugeniocrinus 



. 



2 



TABLE II. 







Hxtracrinus ... 



2 



2 



SUMMAET. 







Microcrinus 



. 



1 



Cephalopoda 



196 



400 



Pentacrinus ... 



9 



24 



Gasteropoda ... 



269 



650 



Plieatocrinus... 



1 



2 



Conchifera ... 



297 



622 



CLASS ZOANTHAUIA. 







Brachiopoda ... 



76 



119 



Actinastrtea ... 





1 



Polyzoa 



5 



17 



Antilliu ... ... ... 





2 



Crustacea 



29 



76 



Astroccenia ... 



12 



13 



Annelida 



14 



32 



Cladophyllia ... 



Gladosmilia ... 





1 

 1 



Echinodermata 



Zoantharia 



42 

 67 



93 

 124 



Cyathoccenia 



4 



4 



Spongiadce ... 



2 



4 



Elysastrcsa ... 



Epismilia 



Isastraa 



Latimceandra ... ... 



2 



8 

 1 



2 



3 



15 



1 



The life of the British Triassic 

 Eocks is completed by the 



997 



2126 



Lepidastrcea ... 





1 



following : — 







Lepidophyllia 



Microsolena 



2 



2 

 2 



Reptiles 



Fish 



31 

 114 





Montlivaltia ... ... ... 



18 



47 



Insects 



24 





Oppelosmilia ... 

 Pleuropora 



1 



1 

 1 



Foraminifera 



Plants 



49 

 12 





Phabdophyllia 



2 



2 





230 





Septastrma ... 



4 



4 







Stephanastrcea 

 Stylastrcea, ... 



, 



1 

 2 



Grand Total 



1227 





III. — The Development of Land. 



By J. Clipton "Ward, F.G.S. ; Associate of the Royal School of Mines ; of the 



Geological Survey of England and "Wales. 



WHENEVEE a bone is about to be produced in the animal body, 

 its form is first sketched out in connective tissue or cartilage, 

 and tben ossification commences at one or several points ; if there is 

 but one centre of ossification, or if several centres unite, but one 

 bone is formed ; if the several centres do not completely unite, as 

 many separate bones are produced. 



Now, in the growth of continental land there is something very 

 akin to this. The present form of many countries has been sketched 

 out in a general way long ages ago, and is due to growth around a 

 single centre or several centres. One of the most simple examples 

 of this is perhaps to be found in the geological history of Italy. 



Fig. 1. Diagrammatic Section across Italy in about the latitude of Rome. 

 a. Jurassic, b. Cretaceous, c. Eocene, d. Miocene and Pliocene. 



