C. E. de Ranee — Glaciations of the Lake District. 109 



of two streams, Longstrath Beck and that of Grreenup Grill. The 

 former takes its source from the Col between Angle and Sprinkling 

 Tarns (at an elevation of 2,500 feet) ; from this point radiate, as 

 from a centre, streams that flow into Eskdale, Wasdale, Borrodale, 

 Longstrath, and Mickleden ; and in the Glacial period this must 

 necessarily have been a centre from which ice would flow in these 

 various directions, both in the first and in the second Glaciations.^ 



Bosthwaite to Stye-head Pass. — Following the Derwent, it is found 

 to receive a beck flowing down Horse Gill at the village of SeatoUer; 

 from thence it flows through an alluvial plain, formed of re-arranged 

 moraine mounds, rising from 338 to 450 feet, bounded on either 

 side by rather steep cliffs, the edges of hills rising to an elevation 

 of more than 2,000 feet. Between Seathwaite and the junction of 

 the river with the brook which flows from Sprinkling and through 

 Stye-head Tarns, occur moraine mounds from 30 to 40 feet in height, 

 through one of which the river has cut a channel. A little above 

 the point where the footpath crosses the river the water has cut 

 a very narrow channel through the rock, which is here exposed, the 

 surface of which is rounded by glaciation. On the slope of Base 

 Brown there is a little loose Drift, stained very red with iron or 

 copper, especially above the spot where the brook is precipitated over 

 the rocks forming a waterfall, which is cut in a rather steep glaciated, 

 and drift-covered slope intervening between the iipland gorge above 

 and the valley of the Derwent below, and over which a glacier 

 flowed from the one to the other, supplied in great measure by one 

 that took its source in the valley of Sprinkling Tarn between Great 

 End and Seathwaite Fell. The base of the steep ascent below the 

 fall is 600 feet above the Ordnance datum line, the top being about 

 1,250 feet, from which point the slope is very gradual up to Stye-head 

 Pass. Many blocks of rock from this upland valley are found upon 

 the steep slope below ; the surface, indeed, is strewn with masses of 

 rock, often of very large size, but not indicating many signs 

 of glaciers ; the waterfall only in part represents the slope, sufficient 

 time not having elapsed for it to have cut back to the highest part. 

 In the whole of the Stye-head Valley, up to the summit level of the 

 Pass at 1,560 feet, there are slight traces of glaciation, patches of 

 Moraine Drift, perched blocks, and rounded masses ; but I failed to 

 find any on the slope of the Great Gable above. But as rock-basins 

 occur at elevations of nearly 2,000 feet, it is probable that an ice- 

 stream, fed by the peaks of Sea Fell and Allen Crags, flowed over the 

 sites of Sprinkling and Angle Tarns into Stye-head Valley, and that 

 glaciers lingered in it in the period of re-emergence from the sea, one 

 of their moraines, left in the gradual retreat of the ice, filling up the 

 valley and damming up the water, producing Stye-head Tarn, tjpon 

 the opposite side of the Pass fragments of Moraine Drift are seen 



^ In the Col bet-ween Longstrath and Mickleden, the highest elevation is 1,581 

 feet, and between them and Eskdale 2,490 feet ; the small conical hill, called Allen 

 Crags, 2,572 feet, rises in the centre, and is joined to Glaramara by a slightly elevated 

 ridge, forming the north and south water-shed, between the water flowing east and then 

 south into Morecambe Bay, and that flowing west into the Irish Sea. 



