112 C. E. de Ranee — Glaciations of the Lake District. 



Bleaberry Tarn. The great Crummock Water and Buttermere 

 Glacier appears to have filled up the valley to a height of nearly 

 700 feet above the present level of the lakes, scooping out their 

 basins in its course, or rather basin, for the two lakes are merely 

 separated from each other by the alluvium of Sail Beck, as has 

 been pouated out by my colleague, Mr. J. Clifton Ward, F.G.S. 



Fig. 1. 

 W.N.W. 



Sketch, of Moraine Mound, in the Valley of the Liza, Cumberland. 



E.S.E. 



a. Moraine Mound, or ridge. 



h. The river Liza, with scattered blocks of glaciated rock, derived from the Moraines. 



c. Alluvial plain of the Liza. 



Buttermere to Honnister Pass. — A little above Buttermere village 

 is a rounded and smoothed mass of rock, partially covered by 

 Moraine Drift, which more or less covers the bottom of the slope 

 of Buttermere Fell above Gatesgarth, where some erratic masses 

 of rock occur, the moraine matter being much covered with rain- 

 wash, and partly re-sorted by river-action ; higher up, near Honnister 

 Pass, the brook flows through a deep narrow channel, sometimes 

 through Drift, sometimes between the Drift and the rock ; this Drift 

 appears to be partly moraine stuff and partly matter that has fallen 

 from the crags on either side. The glacier of the second period that 

 occupied this valley, flowing westward, would pass down into the 

 Buttermere Lake gorge, and thus its terminal moraine is beneath 

 the present water-level of the lake, which has also been filled at its 

 upper end by alluvium. 



Honnister Pass to Bosthwaite. — From the top of the Pass a long 

 smooth slope is seen to trend down towards Seatoller from the 

 Hanse, margined or limited on its upper portion by cliffs formed 

 by Seatoller Fell to the north and Grey Knotts to the south. Ice 

 would appear to have gathered round the upland heights and to 

 have poured over these cliffs upon the long inclined plain below, 

 which has been worn into a gigantic roche moutonnee. Near the 

 top of this slope a brook rises, crossing the path below the Hanse, 

 at which point its channel is only a few inches deep ; but, like all 

 streams flowing over a curved surface to a plain (on to the sea) 

 below, it has cut a gorge, the bottom of which is a chord, to the 

 curve, extending from the source of the stream to the plain : thus, 

 in the present instance, the gorge gradually goes on increasing in 

 depth until the point is reached where the curve is strongest, after 

 which it diminishes as the curve of the surface descends. The level 

 of the brook where it crosses the path is 1,000 feet; at the point 



