136 Reports and Proceedings. 



of Tertiary formations. One of these, at the south of the city, he 

 regarded as analogous to the " Calcaire grossier." He mentioned 

 indications of the presence in the "vicinity of a Miliolitic marble, 

 and of a limestone containing Nummulites. Between Atequera and 

 the Torcal, he noticed a small calcareous deposit containing many 

 forms of GrypJicea. The paper was illustrated by photographs of 

 two scenes on the Torcal, and of several species of Ammonites. 



Discussion :— Prof. Ansted remarked that the condition of the Torcal was similar 

 to that prevailing in many other limestone districts, and was probably due to subaerial 

 denudation. 



Mr. W. W. Smyth mentioned that he had lately had an opportunity of examining, 

 at Cadiz, a collection of fossils formed by Mr. Macpherson in that district, which 

 also contained specimens of Ammonites. There were large tracts in which the 

 rocks appeared almost destitute of fossils, which rendered their classification ex- 

 tremely difficult ; and great credit was due to the author for his exertions in a country 

 where unfortunately so little interest was taken in geology. He mentioned that some 

 of these unfossiliferous rocks had been classified as Silurian by some French geologists; 

 but for this there was not the slightest evidence. It appeared far more probable that 

 they were of Jurassic age. Some red beds, which had been called Triassic, were also 

 in all probability Tertiary. ■ 



Mr. Gwyn Jeifreys, who had examined several collections in Spain and Portugal, 

 stated that he had been much struck with the absence of newer Tertiary fossils, the 

 latest being of Miocene age. These latter presented a tropical aspect, and differed 

 from the moUusca now inhabiting the neighbouring seas. 



Mr. Blake was not satisfied with the determination of the Ammonites, which ap- 

 peared to him rather of Cretaceous than Jurassic forms. 



Mr. Tate observed that the French geologists had determined the existence in Spain 

 of the whole Jurassic series, from the Lower Lias to the Portlandian beds ; and, 

 judging from the photographs, he should consider the Ammonites to be Jurassic. 



Mr. Boyd Dawkins cited the remains of Rhinoceros etniscus, procured by the late 

 Dr. Falconer, at Malaga, as affording evidence of the presence of beds of Pliocene 

 age in that district. 



Prof. Duncan mentioned that he had found corals of the genus Flabellum, such as 

 were found in the Tejares clays in recent deep-sea dredgings in the Atlantic, and 

 among specimens brought from Japan. 



GrEOLOGiCAL SociETY OF LoNDON. — II. January 25, 1871. Joseph 

 Prestwich, Esq., F.E.S., President, in the Chair. The following 

 communications were read : — 



1. " On the Physical Eelations of the New Eed Marl, Ehsetic beds, 

 and Lower Lias." By Prof. A. C. Eamsay, LL.D., F.E.S., F.G.S. 



The author commenced by stating that there is a perfect physical 

 gradation between the New Eed Marl and the Eheetic beds. He 

 considered that the New Eed Sandstone and Marl were formed in 

 inland waters, the latter in a salt lake, and regarded the abundance 

 of oxide of iron in them as favourable to this view. The fossil foot- 

 prints occurring in them were evidence that there was no tide in 

 the water. The author maintained that the new Eed Marl is more 

 closely related to the Eheetic, and even to the Lias, than to the 

 Bunter ; and in support of this opinion he cited both stratigraj)hical 

 and paleeontological evidence. He described what he regarded as 

 the sequence of events during the accumulation of the later Triassic 

 deposits and the passage through the Ehsetic to the Lias, and inti- 

 mated that the same reasoning would apply to other British strata, 



