D. Mackintosh — Drifts of the Borders of the Lake- district. 251 



New Waterworks excavation has revealed blue clay (running into 

 gravel), overlain by yellowish-brown clay, and containing boulders 

 of Ennerdale syenite from the E., limestone from the W. or N., etc. 

 In one place the striae (on Skiddaw slate) run nearly E., in another, 

 E.N.E., both pointing over high ground towards Ennerdale. The 

 adjacent height called Dent, as previously stated, is covered with 

 boulders of syenite and porphyry up to 1,100 feet. About Egre- 

 mont there is an unknown thickness of unstratified or rudely 

 stratified gravel, with stones and boulders of syenite, porphyry, 

 slate, sandstone, a little Criffell granite, and enormous rough blocks 

 of local limestone. Some distance N.N.W. of Egremont there is 

 a red clay with glaciated pebbles and boulders, lying on a very 

 uneven and uptorn surface of limestone rock. Farther N. there 

 is a great thickness of clean gravel. On the table-land between 

 Egremont and St. Bees, the drift is chiefly angular sandstone, 

 tumultuously worked up from the rock below, and graduating 

 upwards into a covering of clay and loam, sometimes rudely strati- 

 fied, with boulders of grey ish -blue porphyry, syenite, Crifi"ell granite, 

 etc. In St. Bees village there are some large boulders of syenite 

 and porphyry. 



Between St. Bees and the sea there is an array of abrupt drift- 

 knolls, which reach a height of 100 feet, and might readily be re- 

 garded as moraines if they occurred at the mouth of any valley 

 leading down from the mountains, or consisted of anything like 

 moraine-matter, neither of which is the case. They are composed of 

 sand, with highly contorted beds of unwashed gravel, which rise up 

 from beneath the beach-shingle to the top of the cliff-section. This 

 drift rests on reddish-brown Boulder-clay. Between St. Bees and 

 Seascale there is a succession of mounds and plateaux of stratified 

 and frequently contorted sand and gravel, more or less covered with 

 blown-sand, and (as is evident from the boulder " scars " visible at 

 low-water) underlain by Boulder-clay. Between Seascale and 

 Gosforth, and all around, there are great knolls of sand and gravel, 

 often separated by swamp -basins. The pebbles consist of dark 

 granular felstone, grey porphyry, syenite, and, nearly as far inland 

 as Gosforth, Criffell granite. 



Drifts around Gosforth. — The- new red sandstone, immediately N. 

 of Gosforth, rises to a considerable height above the sea, dips at a 

 rather high angle to the S.S. W., and is covered with drift containing 

 porphyritic stones and boulders. (See Fig. 1.) The tops as well as 

 Fig. 1. Fig. 2. 



2. Red Boulder loam and sand. 



3. Fine gravel, ■with irregular layers of 



sand. 



A. Greenish or reddish brown, argillaceous, hard 



Boulder-clay. 



B. Fine hard gravel and sand, with waved lamina- 



tion, and many round stones. 

 e. Foxy-coloured loam, with very few stones. 



