Notices of Memoirs — Royal Agricultural Society. 271 



glaciers flowing out of a basia of ice and snow, filling the crater, 

 which is nearly half a mile in width. In these glaciers, which are 

 known as those of White, Sandy, and Little Sandy Eivers, there are 

 numerous marginal crevasses, ice caves and caverns, and fine examples 

 of veined and laminated structure in ice, glacial groovings, and 

 boulders. The White Kiver glacier descends 500 feet below the 

 level of timber trees upon the slopes of the mountains. 



Around Mount Hood are the remnants of far more extensive 

 glaciation, which has cut trough- shaped valleys in the earlier 

 trachytic lava flows of the volcano. 



This important paper is not only interesting for the light which 

 it throws upon the past and present glaciations of this old volcanic 

 region of Northern California, but as throwing light on that of the 

 English Lake District and Welsh Mountains, showing how it is 

 possible for ice to entirely cover the mountains above, without filling 

 up hill and valley below. C. E. De Eance. 



II. JOXJRNAL OF THE EOTAL AGRICULTUEAt SoCIBTT OF ENGLAND* 



Second Series. Vol. VII. Part I. 1871. 



THKEE papers in this number of the Agricultural Society's Journal 

 command our attention. (1). Mr. Jenkins, F.G.S., reports on 

 some features of Scottish agriculture, paying particular attention to 

 the subjects of Lowland farming, Dairy-farming, Aberdeenshire 

 cattle-feeding, Highland sheep-farming, and West Highland cattle- 

 breeding. The subject of Lowland farming, including arable farming 

 in the East and West of Scotland, has been illustrated with an ac- 

 count of four Lowland farms. The geology of the farms is briefly 

 noticed. On one a rich red loam, derived from the Old Eed Sandr 

 stone is endowed with great natural fertility ; on another the soil 

 generally rests on interbedded felstone, but in parts intrusive green- 

 stone or columnar basalt comes to the surface ; there is also a blow- 

 ing sand, certainly an ungrateful soil, for the crops are liable to be 

 blown away. The description of these farms shows the various 

 methods by which good crops may be produced under different cir- 

 cumstances, whether by good land, good cultivation, or liberal 

 manuring. 



(2). The agricultural capabilities of the New Forest form the 

 subject of a paper by Mr. W. C. Spooner. This tract of land com- 

 prises from 63,000 to 66,000 acres in the south-west of Hampshire ; 

 formerly indeed it was far greater, for in Domesday Book its extent 

 is given as no less than 147,200 acres. So favourable is its aspect, 

 that were its soil equally good, the most sanguine expectations of its 

 future productiveness would be realized. The sub-soil, however, 

 ranges from a retentive clay to the most arid sand, and the surface- 

 soil, never very deep, varies from a few inches of the poorest 

 material to 6 or 8 inches of hazel loam. The geological formations 

 represented belong to the Middle and Upper Eocene groups, and 

 these have been described in an article incorporated with this paper, 



