Reviews — American Geological Surveys, Ohio. 277 



The Director shows that an immense amount of good field and 

 office work has been -well done, and he estimates that two appro- 

 priations of 30,000 dols. and two years' work will enable him to 

 complete the Survey and publish the results. C. H. H. 



2. — The Geolog-ioal Suhvet of Ohio. — In 1836 and 1837there was 

 a public Geological Survey of the State of Ohio, under the direction 

 of Mr. W. W. Mather. Nothing more was done towards exploring the 

 geology of this interesting region for more than thirty years, when 

 a bill was passed (1869) providing for a thorough Survey. Prof. J. S. 

 Newberry, LL.D., was appointed chief geologist, assisted by E. B. 

 Andrews, Edward Orton, and John H. Klippart; also by the fol- 

 lowing " local assistants " : Eev. H. Hertzer, M. C Kead, Fred 

 Prime, jun-r., W. P. Ballantine, G. K. Gilbert, Andrew Sherwood, 

 E. D. Irving, W. A. Hooker, W. B. Potter, Henry Newton, and H. 

 A. Whiting. 



During the interval of thirty years between the two geological 

 Surveys of Ohio, the States on all sides had been explored, but it 

 was impossible to synchronize satisfactorily all the formations of the 

 West with those of New York, as they had not been traced across 

 Ohio. It was generally believed that the Waverley group was 

 Devonian, and the Black shales the equivalent of the Genesee slate. 

 Dr. Newberry, immediately after his appointment, commenced to 

 map the distribution of all the formations, and to collect their fossils, 

 and has met with eminent success. His scheme for the Ohio rocks 

 is the following, entitled, Preliminary Geological Map of Ohio, pre- 

 pared from the notes of the Geological Corps, by J. S. Newberry, 

 Chief Geologist, 1870. 



Silurian, 1. Cincinnati group (Trenton and Hudson) ; 2. Clinton 

 group ; 3. Niagara group ; 4. Waterlime and Salina. Devonian, 

 5. Oriskany Sandstone ; 6. Corniferous Limestone ; 7. Hamilton 

 group ; 8. Huron shale (Genesee and Portage) ; 9. Erie shales 

 (Portage and Chemung). Cakeoniferous, 10. Waverley gi'oup ; 

 11. Lower Carboniferous Limestone; 12, Carboniferous Conglomerate; 

 13. Coal-measures. 



No rock lower than the Cincinnati group appears at the surface 

 in Ohio ; but at an artesian boring at Columbus both the Calciferous 

 and the Potsdam^ sandstones were found The Cincinnati group is 

 about 1,000 feet thick. The Clinton is from^ 10 to 100, and the 

 Niagara about 80 feet thick. The Salina and Waterlime groups had 

 not been known in the State previous to Newberry's explorations, 

 and they seem to cover more of the territory than any other forma- 

 tion except the Coal-measures. They contain gypsum and salt. 

 The Oriskany Sandstone was also a new discovery, and is about 

 20 feet thick, commonly destitute of fossils* The Corniferous Lime- 

 stone, or the Upper Helderberg of New York, had long been known 

 to exist in Ohio, and Dr. Newberry succeeded in finding enormous 

 fishes in it, besides remarkable specimens of trees, the oldest land 

 plants yet found in America. About 20' feet of the Hamilton group, 

 with its characteristic fossils, was also newly discovered by the 



