308 D. MacMntosh — The Drifts of the Lake District. 



From Greenod to Neiohy Bridge. — At Greenod, on the west side of 

 a tidal channel, we may see a miniature illustration of the fact, that 

 when angular fragments get imbedded in loam or clay, they soon 

 lose all chance of ever becoming rounded, — a fact of much import- 

 ance in speculating on the origin of hill-side drifts. In Haverthwaite 

 Schoolyard a boss of rock has been glaciated from E. 30° N. Near 

 Newby Bridge Cottages, the slate rock in the railway cutting is 

 polished and striated between N. 40° E. and N. 60° E. Farther 

 north, at the foot of Windermere Lake,^ the strise run N. 20° E. 

 The glaciated surface is covered with well-rounded gravel and sand, 

 and a little pinel fills up the underlying rough cavities. The drift 

 here swells out into great knolls, which rise at least 100 feet above 

 the level of the river. 



Around Silverdale, Burton, and MilntJiorpe. — Near Silverdale Station 

 the limestone has been striated from the N. Between here and Yea- 

 land, more or less rounded limestone boulders may be found in 

 positions where they might easily be laimched, as many of their 

 fellows probably were, by coast-ice. But the most wonderful array 

 of limestone boulders, some of them 15 feet in aA'erage diameter, 

 may be seen on the south side of Farlton Knott, near Burton. On 

 walking from Burton to Heversham, I unexpectedly met with a great 

 number of boulders of Shapfell granite, one of them 4 x 3^ x 2^ feet. 

 They are abundant at and near Whasset, and all round Milnthorpe, 

 but I saw only one pebble of this granite farther E. than the neigh- 

 bourhood of Whasset.^ The granite has come from about E. 15° N. 

 or from Wasdale Crag, and I think it must be something more than 

 a coincidence that this is nearly the general direction of the truly 

 remarkable 



Parallel Drift-ridges S.E. of Kendal. — The N.N.E. direction of 

 these ridges (which are well represented on the shaded Ordnance 

 Map) not only points to Wasdale Crag and the neighbourhood, but 

 across a series of notches on the intervening crest of Whinfell 

 Beacon and Greyrigg Forest (1544 and 1619 feet above the sea). 

 On the watershed between Kendal and Low Grill, many of the ridges 

 point in various directions, and this is the case with most of the 

 ridges in the neighbourhood of the Eiver Lune. At the mouths of 

 Long Sleddale and Bannisdale (where Shapfell boulders have been 

 found) most, though not all of the ridges point approximately N. 

 and S. Over a considerable area S.E. of Kendal, and further S. 



* I may here remark, in answer to Mr. de Ranee, that -while in Bowness and the 

 neighboui'hood, I ascertained from various persons, who were thoroughly acquainted 

 with all the ins and outs of the lake, that none of the detritus or sediment brought 

 in by the Brathay river can find its way through the lake to the lower end, and 

 thence to the sea ; and one reason assigned was that the currents generated by wind, 

 etc. (which often reach a great depth, as proved by net sinking), more frequently 

 flow from the S. or up the lake, than from the N. Lacustrine deposits, which have 

 all resulted from the action of fresh-water, afford the only true measure of subaerial 

 degradation since the Glacial period. 



^ I never saw a,ny Shapfell granite farther S. than the road between Yealand and 

 Silverdale. Professor Phillips mentions its occurrence in a canal S. of Lancaster. 

 Within the area of the great North-western drift, farther south, a certain kind of 

 Dalbeattie (Criffell) granite might be easily mistaken for Shapfell. 



