324 Reviews — Geology of Prussian- Silesia. 



on-the-Maes, and of Werden-on-the-Euhr, so that it is most likely that the same 

 affinities exist also near the base of the Upper Silesian Coal-basin, which is not, 

 however, known at present. It is, therefore, probable that the sandstones and shales, 

 with thin Coal-beds, which have been found in great thickness below the fossiliferous 

 strata in the shaft of Konigshiitte at a depth of 2006|- feet, do not belong to the 

 true Coal-measures, but most likely correspond to the Millstone Grit of England. 

 The occurrence of marine fossils would serve to determine the extension of Coal- 

 beds downwards. 



D. Permian [Dyas) formaiion. Rothliegendes. — The Limestone conglomerates of 

 Czerna and Paczoltowice consist of pebbles of the Carboniferous series, with red and 

 white sandstones imbedded in it, and fossil remains of Araucarites SchrolUanus. 

 These are conformably overlain by white Roth-Dolomite, with Myophoria fallax. 

 Porphyritic tufa, with Quartz porphyry and Melaphyre and Amygdaloids at the top 

 of the formation, whilst quartzose felspathic porphyry is met with at its base. 



The Limestone of Kariiiowice (white and crystalline) rests on the Eed Sandstones, 

 and is covered with porphyritic tufa, which, again, is overlain by Roth-Dolomite, 

 with if. fallax. The limestone contained five species of ferns and a fir-cone. 



II. Mesozoic Group. — A. Trias. 



1 . The Bunter Sandstein forms only narrow zones at the base of the Muschelkalk, 

 with an average thickness of 200 feet. Roemer distinguishes two horizons : 



a. Lower Bunter-Sandstein, brownish -red shales, with sandstones, thickness about 



150 feet. 



b. Upper Bunter-Sandstein or Roth, red shales, with white Dolomite and marls, 



containing seventeen species of fossils, amongst them M. fallax, Amm. 

 Buchii, etc. 



2. The Muschelkalk forms a narrow ridge of hills, of about forty miles length, in 

 Upper Silesia and Poland, which extends from Krappitz-on-the-Oder to Olkusz, in 

 Poland. 



3. Lower Muschelhallc. — A. Equivalent of the Lower Wellenkalh. 



a, Cavernoser Kalk, This bed, only a few feet in thickness, of brown, grey, or 



reddish crystalline limestone, is full of. small cavities, and rests conformably 

 on Roth. It contains no fossils. 



b. The Chorzow Beds have a thickness of 280 feet, and consist of a compact grey 



limestone. Hornstone occurs but seldom. Fossils are abundant (see page 

 135). 

 B. Equivalent of the Schaumkalk. 



a. Blue " Solestone," thickness 15 feet, greyish-yellow limestone of knotty 



character, and greyish-red crystalline limestone, sometimes a reddish-white 

 porous limestone. In this bed occurs the first Alpine fauna (see page 137). 



b. Gorasdze strata, thickness 80 feet, consisting of a porous white limestone, 



alternating with a compact one. Hornstone is rare. 



c. Encrinites and Terebratulse Beds, thickness 15 feet. A compact grey lime- 



stone, consisting of Encrinites and Terebratula vulgaris in great numbers. 



d. Mikultschiitz strata, 70 to 90 feet in thickness. A yellowish or reddish 



compact, sometimes porous, limestone, with much hornstone. Numerous 

 Alpine forms (page 140, et seq.). 

 e. Himmelwitz Dolomite, attains a thickness of 40 feet ; is a grey or yellow 

 Dolomite. (Fossils, pnge 143, et seq.) 



4. Middle Muschelkalk. A white or yellowish marly Dolomite, of about 50 feet 

 in thickness, without organic remains. 



5. Upper Muschelkalk, or Rybnaer Limestone, and Dolomite, from 12 to 40 feet 

 in thickness, with many fossil remains (page 146). 



On comparing the Upper Silesian Muschelkalk with that of Western Germany, we 

 find the greatest affinity to exist as regards their fossil remains ; there, as well as in 

 Silesia, the Alpine forms appear most ft-equently in the lower strata, as, for instance, 

 Rhynchonella decurtata, Terebratula angusta, Uetzia trigonella, Encrinus gracilis, etc., 

 etc. Here also we see, as in Western Germany, the great development of the Lower 

 Muschelkalk, and the thinning out of the middle and upper portion of it. 



6. Keuper. — This formation covers in Upper Silesia and Poland more than 1600 

 square miles, with an average thickness of from 500 to 600 feet of rock ; the area is 



