328 Reviews — Geology of Prussian- Silenia. 



It lies in a horizontal position, or dipping slightly to the -west. It yields Brnchiopoda, 

 Lamellibranchiata, Gasteropoda, Cephalopoda, and fishes in great numbers (page 299). 

 Most of the genera afford good evidence that this deposit represents the Planer of 

 Saxony, Bohemia, and of the hills of Hanover and Brunswick. Possibly, this series 

 in Silesia comprises many zones, as, for example, the zone of Sca2}hites Gcinitzi, 

 Stromb., which is most distinctly represented; but at present it is not practicable to 

 divide the stratum into several beds. 



cc. Dambraw sandstone (Senonien). Sandstone with much mica and lime. 

 Exogyra, Mytilus, sp, Bacalites anceps, Callianassa Faiijasii. 



b. Leobschiitz. 



aa. White sands and sandstone, with Exogyra columba. Thickness 15 to 50 feet; 

 occasionally hornstones. Stratification horizontal, resting on highly elevated 

 strata of the Culm formation. (List of fossils, page 332.) Most of these 

 agree with forms of the Saxon and Bohemian Quadersandstein, although 

 the latter is separated from Silesia by the crystalline and Devonian rocks of 

 the county of Glatz. 

 bb. Grey sandy lime marls, with Ammonites Rhotomagensis. Thickness, 3 to 20 

 feet. Horizontally stratified ; resting on Culm formation. (Fossils on 

 page 339.) Most probably of the same horizon as the Green Sandstone of 

 Laun, in the Saaz district of Bohemia. 

 The Cretaceous deposits of Oppeln and Leobschiitz show close relationship to 

 Bohemian and Saxon strata, although no relation amongst themselves, or with the 

 Cretaceous deposits of the Eastern Polnian basin. 



c. Cretaceous Strata East of the Jurassic Hills of Poland. — These consist partly of 

 sands, partly of lime-marls ; the most prominent are the latter, with hornstones. 

 It forms a great part of the late kingdom of Poland, on both banks of the 

 "Weichsel. 



a. The lower strata consist of grey, white, and green sandstones, with a few 



grains of Glauconite. (List of fossils, page 351.) Equivalent to the lower 

 strata of Senonien. 



b. "White lime-marls, with Belemnitella mucronata ; hornstones; horizontally 



stratified. The thickness increases towards the centre of the basin, towards 



east, as, for instance, near "Wislica-on-the-Nida the thickness is 600 feet. 



(List of fossils, page 354.) Most probably this is Upper Senonien. 



These Cretaceous deposits of Poland show more relationship to the Cretaceous 



rocks of Russia, of the Riigen Island, and of the Danish Islands, than with those of 



North -Western and Middle Germany. The Cretaceous rocks of Poland belong to 



the great Baltic Chalk basin of JSTorth-Eastern Europe, which possesses in the Jura 



of Krakau a well-defined western boundary, and which does not communicate with 



the Chalk-basin of Saxony, Bohemia, and tipper Silesia. 



III. Cainozoic or Tertiary Group. 



Deposits belonging to this system are met with in three entirely different characters : 



A. In the Northern Karparthians, as Nummulite rocks. 



B. Between the Northern Karpathians and the Muschelkalk of Tarnowitz- 



Krappitz, as Miocene deposits of the age of the Vienna basin. 



C. Oligocene Lignite deposits, northwards of the former. 



A. Nummulitic Beposits. Eocene. Beskides. — Similar to the Flysch of the Alps, 

 consisting of dark grey, externally brown, micaceous sandstones, marls, and Menilite 

 shales, of a thickness of many thousand feet. The strata are generally much dis- 

 turbed, raised up and dipping south. These rocks were raised during the same period 

 as the Chalk formation of Silesia. The Miocene strata rest nearly horizontal at the 

 northern slopes of these deposits. 



Hohenegger distinguishes : 



a. Nummulitic rocks. Lower group. Grey sandstones. Limestone, Breccia, richly 



coloured clay or shales. The compact Nummulite Limestone is entirely 

 wanting Numimdina lenticularis (d'Orb.), Chondrites Targionii, Ch. 

 intricaius, the same forms as in the Flysch of the Alps. 



b. Menilite rocks, Upper group. Richly coloured Clay-shales, thin bed of mica- 



ceous sandstones, with beds of Menilite shales. Meletta crenata (Heckel). 

 This deposit forms, according to Ch. Mayer, of Zurich,^ the youngest stratum of the 



1 Tableau synchronistique des terrains tertiares infgrieurs. 1869. 



