340 Henry Woodward — On Volcanos. 



parts of the earth, more than half of which have given evidence of 

 gxstivity in modern times. 



They are distributed over — 



Europe ••. 



Estinct. 

 7 



Active. 

 5 



Atlantic Islands 



14 



8 



Africa ....... 



3 



1 



Continental Asia 



25 



15 



Asiatic Islands ,. 



189 



.. 110 



Indian Ocean 



South. Sea 



9 



40 



5 



26 



America > 



120 



56 



407 226 



In Europe we have ^tna, Vesuvius, Stromboli, Volcano, and 

 Santorin (active) ; Ischia and Phlegraean Fields (historic) ; Au- 

 vergne (prehistoric).^ 



In Africa, the Cameroons Mountains, on the West Coast, and others 

 on the Eed Sea Coast, and in the Comoro Islands. 



India has no burning mountains ; but Barren Island, in the Bay 

 of Bengal, Bourbon, and the remote Island of St. Paul, are active 

 volcanos. 



In Asia the only volcano is that of Demavend, on the shores of 

 the Caspian Sea, and two reputed volcanos in the Thian-shan, and 

 nine in the peninsula of Kamtschatka. 



Through the Asiatic Islands a great volcanic belt extends from 

 Birmah through the Andaman Islands, Sumatra, Java, and Timor, 

 thence turning northwards to Amboyna, Gilolo, and the Philippines, 

 then by Loo-choo Islands to Japan, the Kurile Islands and Kamts- 

 chatka. 



Here in this region there are above 100 active volcanos. 

 Through the South Sea Islands, whenever any rock is visible it is 

 of volcanic origin, but in all this great region there are fewer smok- 

 ing volcanos than on the single island of Java. The active vents 

 occur in the Sandwich Islands, New Guinea .group. New Hebrides, 

 and New Zealand, and in the Friendly Islands. 



The Western Coast of America, from the Aleutian Islands and the 

 recently ceded Eussian American territory to the Southern extremity 

 of the Continent and Tierra del Fuego, presents the most stupendous 

 line of volcanic rocks, cones, craters and other indications of subter- 

 ranean phenomena in the whole world. One-fourth of the known 

 active volcanos are found in it. No volcanos are found on the eastern 

 coast of America, but in the West Indies there are three active vents 

 in the Lesser Antilles. 



Volcanos occur mostly in tropical regions, few exist more than 



1 In Auvergne, on the side of Mount Denise, near Le Puy, two human skeletons 

 ■were found, together with bones of Elephas, Rhinoceros, Cervus, etc., imbedded in 

 Yolcanic matter, showing that man in his early state was in the country prior to the 

 extinction of these craters. (Scrope.) 



