418 C. E. Be Ranee — Glaoiation of N.W. of England. 



that the glacial agent came from the east, i.e. the high ground of 

 Sea Fell and neighbourhood, and thus supports my position by the 

 evidence of a tract of country which I have not had the opportunity 

 of visiting; for it is clear that the ice -cascade, after falling over 

 the Screes and digging out the deep eastern side of the Lake Wast- 

 water (which, however, is not shown in his section), gradually made 

 its way westward to the sea, over the various hills on the other side. 



In regard to the Boulders in Peel Park, Salford, of which Mr. 

 Mackintosh gives an analysis, it would be interesting to know, 

 1st, on what principle they were selected from the clay-pits, etc. ; 

 and, 2nd, in what manner the 100 specimens were chosen from 

 this selection ? For instance, if another 100 specimens had been 

 taken, would it also have included one per cent, of Crififell granite ? 



In Mr. Mackintosh's list I notice a much higher number of 

 granites and igneous rocks than in the per-centages of the Boulders 

 of the Manchester Dift given by Mr. Binney, F.E.S., and Prof. Hull, 

 F.R.S., as shown in the following table : 



Mk. Binney. Prop. Ramsay. 



Me. Mackintosh. (Trans. Mem. Lit. PMl. (given by Prof. Hull. 



Soc, vol. X., p. 133.) Mem on Oldham.) 



Felspathic Trap and Porphyry 50) ) ... 39) 



Eskdale Fell Granite 19 } 70 Igneous Eocks... V 21 ... \ ^ > 43 



Criffell Granite l) ) ... J ) 



Silurian Grit and Local Sand- Silurians and Slates 31 37 



stones 30 (Carboniferous ... 55-33 17 



\ New Red 2-66. 



Mr. Mackintosh likens the conditions prevailing during the 

 British Glacial epoch to those now holding in Labrador, but from 

 what I have read in the works of my friend Prof. Youle Hind, M. A., 

 of Montreal, the first white man to penetrate its central savage 

 wilds, and from what he told me in the beginning of last year, I 

 consider that those conditions do not at present nearly reach that 

 degree of glacial severity which formerly existed in England ; 

 conditions now only met with in Greenland, Spitzbergen, and within 

 the Antarctic circle. 



I cannot here refrain from mentioning the observations of Mr. W. 

 Bradford, of New York, the artist and companion of Dr. Haynes, 

 who in his recent lecture at the Eoyal Institution, described the 

 Sermitsialik Glacier in Greenland, which debouches into the sea at 

 the head of a fiord three miles and a half in width, the ice extending 

 from side to side, rising 275 feet above the surface of the sea, and 

 extending 510 feet below it, resting on the rock bottom ; the glacier 

 steadily rising inland, and joining the Mer de Glace, overtopping the 

 hills on either side of it. The heat of the rock melts the base of 

 the ice, which flows out in a stream, producing a current running 

 five miles an hour, which makes the sea coloured and muddy for 

 a distance of many miles. 



