Reviews — Von Hochstetter' s European Turkey. 467 



portion of the Peninsula consists of Tertiary limestone. The North 

 is composed of Eocene Nummulitic limestone, Coral limestone, and 

 Argillaceous limestone ; deposits of a Cretaceous appearance, with 

 Cancer punctulatiis, Desm. ; Nautilus [Aturia) lingulatus, Buch. ; 

 Nautilus undulatus, Sow. ; PJioladomya Pusclii, Gdfss. ; Isocardia, 

 Spondylus; Cardiiim, etc., etc. The coast-line of the Sea of Marmora 

 is composed of Miocene limestone, with Mactra podolica and Ervilia 

 podolica, belonging to the Sarmatian facies. 



The lower portion of the Neogene formation of the Vienna Basin 

 (Leitha limestone and Baden clay) is wanting, as also the lower 

 group of the Sarmatian facies, thus resembling the Desert limestone 

 of the Caspian region. 



The Sarmatian group is overlaid by freshwater limestone of the 

 same lithological and pal^ontological character as the extensive 

 freshwater deposits, which Capt. Spratt, E.N., described in the 

 Levant, full of Melanopsis, Neritina, Paludina, etc., etc. Hochstetter 

 calls this deposit the Levantinian facies of the Sarmatian group. 

 The highest stratum is formed by argillaceous marls, sand, and 

 pebbles. Igneous rocks of a doleritic, audesitic, and trachytic 

 character, are found associated with this formation. 



2. The Basin of the Erhene. — The Erkene (Ergines or Agrianes 

 of the ancients) is the principal tributary of the lower Maritza on 

 its left side ; this river drains the extensive teiTitory between the 

 Strandscha Mountains and the Tekir-Dagh, forming a vast high 

 plateau of 150 to 200 metres above the level of the sea, with small 

 brooks and rivulets, dry during the summer, and altogether of a 

 desert-like character. The banks of the insignificant rivulets of this 

 part of the countiy expose a Loess deposit, which is of great 

 thickness, resembling the Belvedere beds of the Vienna Basin. This 

 Loess is considered the most recent deposit of this Tertiary basin. 

 Von Hochstetter calls these the Thracian beds. 



Of the lower beds, only greyish white clay, light argillaceous 

 marls, and thin calcareous strata are noticed, under which beds of 

 Lignite will most probably be found. The outer rim of this basin 

 is formed of Eocene limestone (Nummulite, Coral, and Nullipore 

 limestone), which rests (at Sarai, Wisa, and Kirk-klissi) on Gneiss. 



Besides these limestones, unconformable to the former, are ob- 

 served (at Tena, Adrianople, etc., etc.) limestones and calcareous 

 marl deposits of considerable thickness, full of casts and shells of 

 Congeria, Corhula nucleus, Lam. ; Cardium claudiense, ? Eich. ; Mytihis 

 acutirostris, Gdfss. (= Congeria Basteroti, Desh.) ; Congeria Brardi. 



These deposits Von Hochstetter considers as the Pontic beds of 

 the Tertiary age. Strata of the Sarmatic group have not yet been 

 observed in the basin of the Erkene ; the Congeria deposits seem to 

 take the place of the latter as well as of the Levantine group. 



Trachytes were observed near Enos, Ipsala, etc., etc., partly be- 

 longing to the Eocene epoch, partly of Miocene age, analogous to 

 the Trachytes and Tuffs of Hungary and Transylvania. 



Isolated masses of Basalt were found near Tschorlu. 



3. The TeJcir-Dagh or the holy Mountains of Demosthenes form a 



