﻿172 Reviews — Wliitaher's Geology of East Essex. 



"whicli only five are considered as Upper Devonian. These are : 

 Stroplialosia producto'ides, Murch. ; Chonetes coronata, Conr. ; Bhijn- 

 chonella pleurodon, Phill. ; Spirifer disjunctus, Sow. ; and Aviculo- 

 pecten Clarlcei, de Kon. 



Here again we find that, with four exceptions only, every one of 

 these New South Wales Devonian fossils belong or are closely allied 

 to European or American species of the same age. The exceptions 

 are described by Prof, de Koninck under the following names : 

 ArcJiceocyathus (?) GlarTtei, BiUingsia alveolaris (this genus is transi- 

 tional between Aidopora and Syringopora) , Niso (?) Darivinii (this 

 is the first record of a representative of this genus from rocks older 

 than Tertiary), Mitchellia striatula (a Buccinid shell somewhat 

 allied to Columbella and represented by one specimen only). 



The Carboniferous species are not included in the present memoir, 

 but the writer states that their enumeration will carry out the law 

 which he has shown holds with regard to Devonian and Silurian 

 forms. The South Wales Carboniferous Fauna will not be found to 

 differ in any marked degree from those of America and Europe. 

 This is but a confirmation of what we had been led to expect from 

 the work of identification begun by Mr. W. B. Clarke himself, Prof. 

 McCoy, Messrs. Selwyn, Salter, and R. Etheridge ; but it is impossible 

 to overrate the interest of the subject both to geologists and to 

 biologists. G. A. L. 



III. The GrEOLOGT OF THE EASTERN EnD OF EsSEX. By WiLLIAM 



Whitaker, B.A., F.G.S. [Explanation of Quarter Sheet 48 S.E. 

 (with the adjoining part of 48 N.E.) of the Geological Survey 

 Map of England and Wales.] 8vo. pp. 32. (London, 1876. 

 Price 9d.) 



THE area described in this concise little memoir, embracing about 

 50 square miles, includes the country around Walton Naze and 

 Harwich, and forms part of the London Basin. 



It boasts no very striking or picturesque scenery, being, as Mr. 

 Whitaker describes it, "essentially a clay-country, with gentle slopes, 

 nowhei'e probably reaching to a greater height than 150 feet above 

 the sea, the higher ground being for the most part flat, from the 

 cappings of gravel, the remains of a once continuous plateau. The 

 slopes mostly sink into alluvial flats, which are to a great extent 

 below the level of high water, and are protected only by artificial 

 embankments." The geology, however, furnishes many points of 

 considerable interest, such as the Cement-stone beds of Harwich and 

 the Red Crag of Walton Naze, while the evidence furnished by the 

 deep well at the former locality has more than a local importance, 

 proving, as it did, the occurrence of Palaeozoic rocks at a depth of 

 1029 feet beneath the surface. 



The formations described include : (1) the London Clay ; (2) the 

 Red Crag of Walton Naze and Beaumont, with the description of 

 some small outliers first noticed during the mapping of the country, 

 and a notice of the Red Crag of Harwich described by Dale in 1732, 



