﻿Geological Society of London. 237 



England only in Kent's Hole. Numerous remains of the Pleistocene 

 mammalia already recorded were found, together with a great 

 number of implements of quartzite and flints, and two of clay iron- 

 stone. The quartzite implements were most abundant in the lowest 

 bed. 



In the other cave examined, the Church Hole, which consists 

 principally of a long fissure in the south side of the crags opposite 

 Eobin Hood's Cave, the succession of beds was nearly the same as 

 in the latter. In the surface-soil near its mouth a fine bronze 

 brooch was found. Some of the implements met with in the cave- 

 earth were of great interest, and several of them were of bone. 

 Bones of Ehinoceros were found in great abundance ; and those of 

 the Mammoth, Horse, etc., were also plentiful. 



As the result of the exploration of these caverns, the author said 

 it is evident that during the Pleistocene period Derbyshire and the 

 adjoining counties were inhabited by a very numerous and diversified 

 fauna, the vast forests and pastures which extended far to the east 

 and south ofifering a congenial home to the Mammoth, the Woolly 

 Ehinoceros, the Hippopotamus, the Irish Elk, the Eeindeer, the 

 Bison, and the Horse, whilst among them the Hyfena, the Glutton, 

 the Bear, the Lion, the Wolf, the Fox, and the great sabre-toothed 

 Machairodus, roamed in search of prey ; and that with these and 

 other animals man lived and waged a more or less precarious 

 struggle, amidst the vicissitudes of a varying climate, sheltering 

 himself in the numerous caves of the district, which were already 

 the haunts of the hyaena and its companions. 



3. " On the Mammal-fauna of the Caves of Creswell Crags." By 

 Prof. W. Boyd Hawkins, M.A., P.E.S., F.G.S. 



In this paper the author gave an account of the remains found in 

 the caves explored by the Eev. J. M. Mello. He stated that the 

 recent explorations had proved that the Eobia Hood Cave was 

 inhabited by Hygenas, not o-nly during the deposition of the cave- 

 earth and breccia, but also during that of the red-sand clay under- 

 lying it, which had also furnished traces of the existence of man. 

 An immense number of specimens were collected in this cavern, 

 including bones of the following animals : — Macliairodus latidens, 

 Cave-Lion, Wild Cat, Leopard, Spotted Hya3na''"% Fox'"', Wolf, Bear, 

 Eeindeer'''% Irish Elk*, Bison'-'% Horse*, Woolly Ehinoceros*, 

 Mammoth*, and Hare* ; those marked with * occurring in the 

 red sand and clay as well as in the cave-earth, although much more 

 sparingly. The traces of man consisted of more than 1000 imple- 

 ments ; and, as before, those made of quartzite were generally found 

 in the lower strata. The most important indication of human 

 handiwork was the outline of the head and fore-quarters of a horse, 

 engraved upon the fragment of the rib of some animal. Among 

 the animal-remains the most interesting discovery was that of a 

 canine of Macliairodus latidens ; it consisted of the sabre-shaped 

 crown only, which a]3peared to have been purposely broken away 

 from the root. 



The superficial layer of earth in the cave contained remains be- 



