﻿Prof. Milne and Alex. Murray — Rocks of Newfoundland. 251 



Fig. 10. — 8. Abdenensis, E. Eth., jun. ; left valve, twice nat. size. Same locality. 



,, 11. — „ ,, ,, ,, valves partially 



united along the hinge-liue. Same locality. 



„ 12. — Capuliis neritoides, PhilL, var. Simpson?,, R. Eth., jun. ; nat. size side view. 

 L. Carb. Limestone Group, Magazine Quarry, Pathhead, Haddington- 

 shire. Cabinet of Mr. J, Simpson, Edinburgh. 



,, 13. — The same ; nat. size, dorsal view. 



„ 14. — „ ,, view of aperture. 



,, 15. — OrtJioceras Brownianum, R. Eth., jun. ; natural size. L. Carboniferous, 

 Ardross, Fife. Cabinet of Rev. T. Brown, Edinburgh. Fig. Ibb^ section 

 enlarged. 



11. — On the Eocks of Newfoundland. 



By Professo-r John Milne, F.G.S.,i 

 Imperial College of Engineering, Tokei, Japan. 



With Notes by Alexander Murray, F.G.S., of the Geological Survey of Canada, 

 St, John's, Newfoundland. 



WHEN we speak of Newfoundland, we speak of England's oldest 

 and yet almost unknown Colony. "When we look at its rocks, 

 we shall find that they also are old, and from the metamorphisms and 

 contortions they have suffered are almost unrecognizable. The first 

 geologist who journeyed rouTid the rugged shores which gird the 

 island, and across the marshes and thickets which cover its interior, 

 was the indefatigable Jukes. For two years he laboured hard, and 

 after many dreary tramps up river-courses, across swamps, and 

 round impenetrable scrub, to the shores of quiet inland rocky lakes, 

 he returned without finding a fossil. The next to prosecute research 

 was Eichardson, of the Canadian Survey, who fixed a basis of con- 

 nexion between the geology of the Island and that of the mainland. 

 He was immediately succeeded by Alexander Murray, a veteran 

 geologist, who, in connexion with Sir William Logan, will always 

 be remembered as the earliest worker who successfully unravelled 

 the tangled knots of the Laurentian system. Mr. Murray has been 

 ten years engaged upon this Survey, and has now placed before us a 

 geological map of the greater part of an island about which we 

 previously did not even know the general topographical details, 

 although it was our oldest Colonial possession. 



The formations which have been hitherto recognized are shown in 

 juxtaposition with their English and American equivalents in the 

 table on the next page (p. 252). 



A mere glance at this table will show the antiquated rocks with 

 which we have to deal, and suggest a picture of all that is weather- 

 worn and grey with age. A distinguished English geologist, Prof. 

 Judd, after inquiring about the age of the rocks in Newfoundland, 



' The information contained in the following paper was obtained whilst travelling 

 round and through the island of Newfoundland during the years 1873 and 1874. 

 I visited nearly every bay and cove, and made many journeys into the almost 

 unknown interior whilst twice going round the island. Many specimens, both of 

 rocks and fossils, were collected. 



Although I had every opportunity of seeing the island, I must acknowledge the 

 large proportion of material extracted from the early numbers of Mr. Murray's 

 ofBcial reports. I also thank Mr. Thomas Davies, F.G.S., of the British Museum, 

 for the microscopic determination of many rocks. — J. M. 



