﻿278 J. S. Gm-d7ier — On Ettingshausens Theory 



only being knowai). Besides Proteace^, other not less distinctive 

 plants are known, about the determination of which there can be no 

 doubt ; these are branches and seeds of Casuarina and Exocarpus, 

 branches of Leptomeria, fruit of Dodoncea and Pittospermum. In 

 addition to these, twenty-seven other genera are enumerated, and a 

 further list of ten genera resembling Australian forms ; but the 

 determination of these is still open to doubt. 



Next in importance are the representatives of the Cape Flora, (no 

 less sharply defined tban the Australian), which is undoubtedly re- 

 presented by Widdringtonia, the genera Frotea and Leucodendron, 

 Eiidea, Royena, Cunonia, and the Celastrinecd, the latter being espe- 

 cially represented by numerous forms, closely resembling those now 

 living. A list of twenty-three other genera is given, and the repre- 

 sentation in European Tertiary Floras is so complete that but six 

 distinctive families of the Cape Flora are not found, and these are 

 of plants whose growth is for the most part unfavourable to their 

 preservation as fossils. 



The Central African Tropical region (Sudangebiet) is repre- 

 sented by the well-marked genera Gardenia and Boscia, and by ana- 

 logues of specific forms peculiar to this region. 



Tropical Asia (Monsungebiet) is represented by a great assem- 

 blage of species and genera, which are noteworthy on account of 

 their wide distribution in the Tertiary strata ; these are Engelhardtia, 

 Dalhergia, Ccesalpina, Pterospermum. [Twelve other characteristic 

 genera are named, and 37 analogues of East Indian types.] 



Less in number, but of more striking form, and also widely dis- 

 tributed in the Tertiaries, are the representatives of the Chino- 

 Japanese region. Four characteristic species of Coniferee, Thuiopsis 

 of Ja.pan-, Ghjptostrohns and Cunninghamia of China, and Salishuria 

 common to China and Japan ; Cinnamomum and Koelreuteria ; besides 

 a host of analogous, species of Pinus, Podocarpus, Betula, Ulmus, and 

 ten other not less important genera, represent this region in the 

 Tertiary Flora. 



Steppe-region (Steppengebiet). The representatives of this region 

 are by comparison only subordinate ; but three genera, now exclu- 

 sively confined to it, are present, Planera, Parrotia, and Pterocarya ; 

 but species are met with, analogous with those characterizing the 

 region, of eleven more widely distributed genera. 



Representatives of the Mediterranean and the temperate regions 

 of the Eastern and Western Continents are the most numerous of all 

 in the European Tertiary Floras. It is remarkable that the more 

 the Australian elements are present, the less in number these are, 

 and vice versa the more these preponderate, the less the Australian 

 elements seem to dominate. Thus in the Floras of Sotzka, Haring, 

 and Monte Promina, the pi'oportion of Australian forms is 1 in 3 ; 

 in the Flora of Sagor and Kutschlin 1 in 6 ; of Radaboj and Leoben 

 1 in 14 ; of Bilin 1 in 16 ; of GDningen 1 in 30 ; and in the Pliocene 

 Flora but 1 in 40. On the other hand, we find 1 representative of 

 the Mediterranean or Temperate regions in 11 or 12 in the Floras 

 of Sotzka, Haring, and Moute Promina ; 1 in 7 at Sagor ; 1 in 6 at 



