﻿348 J. R. Daki/ns— Geology of the West Riding. 



ascends on the north side of the Aire, somewhat broken by faults, 

 and forms Brunthvvaite Crag ; is thrown up by a W.N.W. fault to 

 form White Crag, and again in the escarpment of Addingham 

 High Moor. It is this rock which forms the well-known Brimham 

 Rock near Pateley Bridge. Below the escarpment of the middle 

 grit there is no conspicuous rock south of the Aire ; but on the north 

 of that river several beds of sandstone appear, one of which becomes 

 important further north as the hard siliceous grit with ganister, 

 which forms the summit of Great Whernside. Owing to the number 

 of sandstones that now have come in, it is somewhat uncertain what 

 ought to be taken as the top of the Kinder Scout grit, though there 

 is no doubt about the main mass of the bed. This well-marked, 

 coarse, and massive grit is brought in by a W.N.W. fault (south of 

 the river Aire), which is remarkable as one of the few instances in 

 which galena has been found away from the limestone area. North 

 of the Aire the Kinder Scout grit rises up regularly from beneath 

 the overlying beds at Kildwick. Near Cononley a N.E. fault throws 

 down the beds on the N.W., so that the upper part of the Kinder 

 Scout grit is again found in the valley. The bed here consists 

 generally of three separate rocks. It is immediately underlain by a 

 thick but variable set of sandstones, with shale partings, which have 

 hitherto been styled Yoredale grits ; but this is a very bad and 

 misleading term, as the beds are merely the basement part of the 

 Kinder Scout grit, from which they cannot always be separated 

 without forcing ; and, moreover, these grits are nowhere, that I 

 know of, found in Yoredale. Beneath these are found, at Skipton, 

 shales and limestones, a narrow band of contorted limestone, forming 

 the crest of an anticlinal, appearing between the road and railway 

 about half a mile south of Skipton. The strike of the beds hitherto 

 described is generally N.E. and S.W., the dip increasing as we go 

 westward ; but about the latitude of Skipton the beds bend round 

 so as to strike nearly E. and W.^ with a dip of 20 deg. to the south 

 along Skipton Moor. In fact, the country between the latitudes of 

 Skipton and Grassington has been much disturbed and thrown into 

 a series of east and west rolls. Thus a strong anticlinal ranges 

 down the Skibeden Valley from Skipton to Bolton Abbey, with a 

 steady dip to the north, and many minor folds on the south. The 

 effect of this is that a mass of Mountain Limestone forming the green 

 boss known as the Haw Park has been brought up in the Skibeden 

 Valley between two ranges of Millstone-grit hills, viz. Skipton 

 Moor on the south, and Embsay Moor on the north. The Mountain 

 Limestone here is a dark thin-bedded limestone. It is extensively 

 quarried for road material both at Haw Bank and also at Thornton, 

 where similar beds are found. Either of these quarries is well 

 worth a visit. The beds are much faulted and contorted, particularly 

 along the south side of Skibeden Valley ; good instances of contor- 

 tion are to be seen at Draughton and the Wheelam Eock quarries, as 

 also at the Hambleton Rock quarry, near Bolton Bridge ; an excel- 

 lent section of contorted beds is also to be seen in Halton Gill. The 

 strike of the beds of Mountain Limestone seems to indicate that they 



