﻿370 Reports and Proceedings — Geological Society. 



far as it extended. To the rising of these waters he ascribes the 

 destruction of palEeolithic man, the mammoth, and the woolly 

 rhinoceros, which he considers are prediluvial. This lake was once 

 suddenly and torrentially discharged through the breaking away of 

 the Atlantic ice-dam, causing the outspread of the middle glacial 

 sands and gravels, but was formed again, and ultimately drained by 

 the cutting thi'ough of the channel of the Bosphorus. 



He also offers suggestions to account for the preservation of the 

 Aralo-Caspian fauna and the arrival of Arctic animals in the area. 



3. " The Glacial Period." By J. F. Campbell, Esq., F.G.S. 



In this paper the author gave the results of numerous observations 

 extending over many years, and made in many different parts of the 

 world, the results of which had led him to form the opinion that no 

 geological record exists of any abnormal Glacial periods colder than 

 the present world's climate. But if the term " Glacial period " be 

 used with a limitation, such as " local," or " Alpine," or " European," 

 he saw nothing to object to. Changes in the relations between the 

 surface of the earth and the undoubtedly permanently glacial 

 portions of the atmosphere, principally brought about by changes of 

 level in the former, appeared to him sufficient to account for the 

 phenomena. The most recent so-called Glacial periods being fixed 

 in Postpliocene times, the author remarked that Indian glaciers (lat. 

 27°-32° N.) are now almost as large as they have been since the 

 deposition of the crumpled Tertiary deposits known as " Nahuns " 

 and " Sivaliks." A similar result was obtained from observations in 

 the Caucasus (lat. 40° N.) and Eocky Mountains (lat. 36°-37° N.). 

 In Northern Italy (about lat, 45°-4:6° N.) glaciers were a great deal 

 larger in Postpliocene times than at present. 



4. " The Action of Coast-ice on an Oscillating Area." By Prof. J. 

 Milne, F.G.S., of the Imperial College of Engineering, Tokio, Japan. 



In this paper the author described the results of observations made 

 by him in Newfoundland, Labrador, and Finland, which had led him 

 to believe that many of the marks generally regarded as furnishing 

 evidence of the existence of an ice-cap, or at least of an enormous 

 extension of land-ice at certain periods, might easily be explained by 

 the action of coast-ice upon an oscillating, and especially a rising area. 



5. •' On Points of Similarity between Zeolitic and Siliceous Incrus- 

 tations of Eecent Formation by Thermal Springs and those observed 

 in Amygdaloid and other Altered Volcanic Eocks." By Prof. A. 

 Daubree, F.M.G.S. 



The author described the formation of zeolitic minerals by the 

 infiltration of masonry by the waters of thermal springs at Plom- 

 bieres (Vosges), Luxeuil (Haute-Saone), Bourbonne (Haute-Marne), 

 and near Oran in Algeria. In breaking through the wall of con- 

 crete, composed of fragments of stone and brick built by the Romans 

 round the mouths of these springs, it has been found that the 

 materials employed have undergone a great change by the long- 

 coutinued action of the water. The cavities in the bricks are occu- 

 pied by minerals, generally zeolitic, among the most abundant of 

 which is chabasite, agreeing in all respects with the natural mineral. 



