﻿424 Reports and Proceedings— British Association — 



nowhere been reached. In the cases in which there was no Cave-earth, 

 the Granular Stalagmite rested immediately on the Crystalline ; and 

 where the Crystalline Stalagmite was not present, the Cave-earth and 

 Breccia were in direct contact. Large isolated masses of the Crystalline 

 Stalagmite, as well as concreted lumps of the Breccia, were occasionally 

 met with in the Cave-earth, thus showing that the older deposits had, in 

 portions of the Cavern, been partially broken up, dislodged, and rede- 

 posited. No instance was met with of the incorporation in a lower bed of 

 fragments derived from an upper one. In short, wherever all the deposits 

 were found in one and the same vertical section, the order of superposition 

 was clear and invariable ; and elsewhere the succession, though defective, 

 was never transgressed. 



Excepting the overlying blocks of limestone, of course, all the deposits 

 contained remains of animals, which, however, were not abundant in the 

 Stalagmites. 



The Black Mould, the uppermost bed, yielded teeth and bones of Man, 

 Dog, Fox, Badger, Brown Bear, Bos longifrons, Roedeer, Sheep, Goat, Pig, 

 Hare, Rabbit, and Seal — species still existing, and almost all of them in 

 Devonshire. This has been called the Ovine bed, the remains of Sheep 

 being restricted to it. In it were also found numerous flint flakes and 

 " strike-lights ; " stone spindle whorls ; fragments of curvilinear pieces of 

 slate ; amber beads ; bone tools, including awls, chisels, and combs ; 

 bronze articles, such as rings, a fibula, a sjDoon, a spear-head, a socketed 

 celt, and a pin ; pieces of smelted copper ; and a great number and variety 

 of potshei'ds, including fragments of Samian ware. 



The Granular Stalagruite, Black Band, and Cave-earth, taken together 

 as belonging to one and the same biological period, may be termed the 

 Hycenine beds, the Cave Hysena being their most prevalent species and 

 found in them alone. So far as they have been identified, the remains 

 belong to the Cave Hyaena, Equus caballus, Rhinoceros tichorhimis, 

 Gigantic Irish Deer, Bos primigenius, Bison priscus, Red Deer, Mammoth, 

 Badger, Cave Bear, Grizzly Bear, Brown Bear, Cave Lion, Wolf, Fox, 

 Reindeer, Beaver, Glutton, Machairodus latidens, and Man— the last being 

 a part of a jaw with teeth, in the Granular Sta,lagmite. In the same beds 

 were found unpolished ovate and lanceolate implements made from Jiakes, 

 not nodules, of flint and chert ; flint flakes, chips, and " cores ; " " whet- 

 stones ; " a " hammer-stone ; " " dead " shells of Fecten ; bits of charcoal ; 

 and bone tools, including a needle or bodkin having a well-formed eye, 

 a pin, an awl, three harjioons, and a perforated tooth of Badger. The 

 artificial objects, of both bone and stone, were found at all depths in each 

 of the Hysenine beds, but were much more numerous below the Stalagmite 

 than in it. 



The relics found in the Crystalline Stalagmite and the Breccia, in some 

 places extremely abundant, were almost exclusively those of Bear, the only 

 exceptions being a very few remains of Cave Lion and Fox. Hence these 

 have been termed the Ursine beds. It will be remembered that teeth and 

 bones of Bear were also met with in both the Hysenine and the Ovine 

 beds ; and it should be understood that this biological classification is 

 intended to apply to Kent's Cavern only. The Ursine deposits, or rather 

 the Breccia, the lowest of them, also yielded evidences of human ex- 

 istence ; but they were exclusively tools made from nodides, not Jiakes, 

 of flint and chert. 



Ansty's-Cove Cavern. — About 3 furlongs from Kent's Hole towards 

 N.N.E., near the top of the lofty cliff forming the northern boundary of 

 the beautiful Ansty's Cove, Torquay, there is a cavern where, simulta- 

 neously with those in Kent's Cavern, Mr. MacEnery conducted some 

 researches, of which he has left a brief account (see Trans. Devon. Assoc. 



