﻿518 Notices of Memoirs — Prof. Toula — St. Nicolas- Balkan. 



mer was + 21-75 E., which gives a range of 61-25 E., or of 137-8 F. 

 The average temperature in winter at Irkutsk is — 14°-8 E., and 

 the average for summer -\- 13-1 E. For the whole year the average 

 is — -4 E., indicating that as a whole the gay society of Irkutsk live 

 in a freezing temperature. Farther to the north at Yakutsk the 

 average temperature is — 8-6° E., whilst still farther upon the 

 borders of the Arctic Ocean at Ust Yansk it is — 13-0° E. 

 (To be continued in our next Number.) 



iTOTioiES OIF nvcsnvnoiiKS. 



Professor Toula on the Geology of St. Nicolas-Balkan: Section 

 Osmanioh-Ak-Pa LANKA, (Proceedings of the Imperial Academy 

 of Vienna, April 25th, 1877.) 



[Communicated by Count Maeschall, F.C.G.S., etc.] 

 r|"^HE central massif is composed of crystalline unstratified rocks, 

 .|_ of granite (St.-Nicolas Defile: altitude 1390 metres), and very 

 extensive dioritic rocks. Azoic rocks, such as clay -slates and 

 gueissic rocks, with intercalations of chloritic and quartzitic schists, 

 appear both on the south, and especially the north slope. In this 

 direction they extend as far as the Eiver Arcer, where they are 

 partly overlain by " Sarmatic " deposits. The Carboniferous sand- 

 stones south of Belgradeik, on the northern slope, include organic 

 remains characteristic of the Old Eed (•' Walchian ") sandstones, as 

 Calamites, Annulariee, Odontopteris ohtusa, Naum., CyatJieites arhor- 

 escens, Brongn. ; Aleth.opte.ris gigas, Gutb., Tceniopteris abnormis, 

 Gutb., and Walchia pyriformis, Schlth. These sandstones are uncon- 

 formably overlain by a thick deposit of red sandstones, probably the 

 Bunter or Lower Triassic Sandstones. The Muschelkalk is met with 

 in the same locality. The fossils are : Teeth of Saurichthys, Limu 

 striata, Schlth., Pecten discites, Schlth., Fecten Alberti, Goldf., Ostrea 

 decemcostata, Mstr., Betzia trigonella, Schlth., SpiriferirM fragilis, 

 Schlth., Waldheimia vulgaris, Schlth., and Entroclutes in abundance. 

 The overlying strata are white sandstones of unascertained age, and 

 white Upper Jurassic limestones with hornstone and Belemnites. 

 These limestones occur likewise beneath the Nerinsea-limestones 

 of the isolated hill of Eabis. The Jurassics are conspicuously^ re- 

 presented south of Belogradez by hard sandstones ('' Middle 

 l)ogger "), with Pecten demissus, Phil.. Monotis elegans, Goldf., and 

 Belemnites (near canalicidatus, Schlth.). conformably overlain by 

 fossiliferous, distinctly stratified limestones, containing Sphenodus 

 mncer, Quenst., Lepidotus maximus, A. Wagn., Aspidoeeras ortlio- 

 ceras, d'Orb., Perispliinctes polyplocus, Eein., Simoceras Voublieri, 

 d'Orb., Oppetia Holbeini, Opp., Oppelia compua, 0pp., Phylloceras 

 tortisidcatiim, d'Orb., Aptyclms latus. Park., Apt. Bulgaricus, sp. nova, 

 Ehynchonella Agassizi, Zschn., and BJiynch. sp. (near sparsicosia, 

 Quenst.). 



Cretaceous marls with small Belemnites and Tnocerami are found 

 to a limited extent between Vrbova and Qupren. Middle and Lower 



