﻿Geological Society of London. 673 



more closely to that of Spitzbergen than to that of (xreenland, as 

 might be expected from the relative positions of the localities ; and 

 the difference is the same in kind as that already indicated by Prof. 

 Heer between Spitzbergen and Greenland, and would indicate the 

 same kind of climatic difference. Nevertheless, the presence of 

 Taxodium disticlium excludes arctic conditions, and that of the 

 water-lily indicates the existence of fresh water, which must have 

 remained open a great part of the year. Eepresentatives of plants 

 now living exclusively in the arctic zone are wanting in the Grin- 

 nell-Land deposits ; but on the other hand most of the genera still 

 extend into that zone, although they range in Grinnell Land from 

 12° to 15° further north than at present. 



3. " On our present knowledge of the Invertebrate Fauna of the 

 Low'er Carboniferous or Calciferous Sandstone series of the Edinburgh 

 neighbourhood, especially of that division known as the Wardie 

 Shales, and on the first appearance of certain species in the beds." 

 By E. Etheridge, Esq., jun., F.G.S. 



The Calciferous Sandstone series of the district described con- 

 sists, according to the author, of two divisions : — the superior, or 

 " Cement-stone group," composed of sandstones, shales, oil-shales, 

 some thin coals, and a few limestones ; the inferior, or " Eed Sand- 

 stone," consisting of red and grey sandstones, conglomerates, marls, 

 and cornstones. The latter are very nnfossiliferous, an Entomo- 

 stracan {Estlieria Peachii) being the only fossil known from the Eed 

 Sandstone. In some sandstones and shales at Clubbiedcan Eeservoir, 

 placed with doubt at the base of the Cement-stone group, Leperditia 

 scotoburdigalensis and a crushed bivalve [Myalina ?) occur with 

 Sphenopteris affinis ; and a limestone belonging to the same set of 

 beds is almost entirely composed of Spirorbis helicteres with S. car- 

 bonarius (?). In shales at Craiglockhart Hill, Discina nitida, Lingida 

 squamiformis (?) and mytiloides, Anthracosia nucleus, Avicula Hender- 

 soni, and a new Myalina occur. In the Wardie Shales at Woodhall 

 Serpidites carbonarius, a species of Cliaetetes, a new species of Leda, 

 Myalina crassa, var., a species of Avicidopecten, Schizodus Salferi, 

 Pandora typica ; Pleurotomaria moniUfera, Murcliisonia striatula (?), 

 BelleropJion decvssata, var., a species of Conularia, Nautilus cariniferus, 

 and a species of Orthoceras, make their appearance, associated with 

 several of the previously mentioned fossils. This appears to be the 

 richest deposit in the whole group ; but a new species not found in 

 it occurs elsewhere. The author has increased the known Inverte- 

 brate fauna of the Calciferous Sandstone group in this district from 

 twenty to thirty species, most of which he describes and figures, and 

 among them the following are distinguished as new or undeter- 

 mined : — Chcetetes sp., Avicida Hendersoni, Avicidopecten sp., Antlira- 

 coptera obesa, Myalina sublamellosa, Nucidana Sliarniani, Pandora'^ 

 typica, Littorina'^ scotoburdigalensis, Conularia sp., and Ortlioceras sp. 



From his investigation of these species he indicated the occui'rence 

 of at least three or four marine beds in the Calciferous Sandstone 

 series in addition to that mentioned by Mr. Salter, namely, at Craig- 

 lockhart, at Woodhall, Water of Leith, at Drumsheugh, which may 



