18 D. Mackintosh — Age of Floating Ice. 



for a considerable distance),' remiiided me very much of the section 

 I had seen near Lorton, Cumberland. In a pit to the north of the 

 Station, the sand, is convoluted similarly to what may be seen 

 near the Coniston Copper Works. Near Upper Bangor I found a 

 small boulder of Eskdale granite which had come out of clay in the 

 neighbourhood ; and I afterwards met with two boulders of the same 

 kind of granite on the ridge about a mile south of Bangor New Church. 



Around Beaumaris. — North of Beaumaris the sea has encroached 

 on a gradually-swelling knoll, and exposed a section, about 40 feet 

 thick, of upper red clay with scarcely anj^ boulders, but a considerable 

 number of small stones, and a few sand seams. It rests on a brown 

 Boulder-clay (precisely resembling what may be seen on the coast near 

 Workington), which is much harder, and contains many more stones, 

 the lower part being full of large boulders consisting principally of 

 limestone from the adjoining area to the north. Among the stones in 

 general may be foimd porphyry, felstone, quartz, Cambrian conglo- 

 merate, foliated Cambrian rocks, different kinds of granite, etc. 

 Specimens of Eskdale granite may be seen lying on the beach, and 

 I picked two out of the lower or brown clay. Many of the boulders 

 are much glaciated, and those of them which exhibit a flattened side 

 with parallel grooves are generally cross-striated in addition, while 

 the majority of the stones are striated in various directions and often 

 all round. The occurrence of northern drift stones (besides granite, 

 many of the felstones and porphyries, are probably from Cumber- 

 land) in this clay, viewed in connexion with their presence along 

 the coast of Caernarvonshire, and their distribution in a S.S.W. direc- 

 tion to a great distance, clearly points to a branch of the great 

 northern drift current which thickly strewed the ]Dl<iiiis of Lanca- 

 shire, Cheshire, and Shropshire with Scotch and Cumberland erratics. 

 This current may possibly have split on the N. end of the Snow- 

 donian range of mountains, so as to direct the main course of the 

 floating ice to the S.E.,^ and a small part of it to the S.S.W. ; so that 

 Professor Eamsay, many years ago, was right in believing that 

 Anglesey was once subjected to the action of icebergs from about 

 the N.N.E. point of the compass. 



Baches Moutonnees formed by Floating Ice. — On the elevated ground 

 about half a mile S. W. of Bangor New Church, I found striaj pointing 

 N.N.E. On the other side of the Menai Strait, less than a mile from 

 the tubular bridge, the eminence on which the Monument stands, 

 presents a fine example of a roche moutonnee rounded and smoothed 

 on all sides excejpt the S.W., which is precipitous and jagged. 

 Though no stri^ are visible, the parallel undulations jDoint to about 

 the N.E. as the direction from which the iceberg or icebergs came — 



^ A great part of the Anglesey side of the Menai Strait is covered with stratified 

 sand and gravel. A fine section may be seen in a large pit about half way between 

 Menai Bridge and the Monument. 



2 I have seen no granite on the northern slopes of the Snowdonian hills, or in the 

 Vale of Conway about Trefriw and Llanrwst, but further eastwards it would appear 

 to have been floated some distance into the interior of the country. I have a bit of 

 Eskdale granite which Dr. Williams, of Wrexham, found in a heap of mixed bone 

 and stone de'bris which had been dug out of Cefn Cave, near St. Asaph. 



