Joseph Lucas — The Permian Beds. 341 



not made to appear how local the purple colouring really is. Mr. 

 Ward remarks that red grits are not unfrequent in the Millstone- 

 grit series. He admits that the colour of the Plompton grit is by 

 no means constant, and assigns as its southern limit the neighbour- 

 hood of the Wharfe, near Collingham. I subjoin a list of sections in 

 grit immediately below the base of the Magnesian Limestone from 

 six miles north-east of Leeds northwards. Those which are good 

 clean sections, where limestone is actually seen resting on grit, are 

 marked with a star*. 



South of the Wharfe. 



1. Hetchell "Wood, where limestone rests on yellow grit. 



2. Hell Pot Wood, where limestone rests on yellow grit. 



3. *E,igton, in road, where limestone rests on yellow sandstone. 



4. Wetherby Lane, where limestone rests on yellow g^rit. 



5. Compton, where limestone rests on yellow grit. 



6. *Quarry, near Collingham Cottage, where pale yellow limestone rests on 



massive white grit. 



7. Langwith Sulphur Spa, where limestone rests on white sandstone and blue shale. 



8. *East Keswick, in road, where limestone rests on hard white and yellow sand- 



stone. 



9. Millgate Quarry, where limestone rests on white and red micaceous sandstone. 

 10. Jliver Wharfe, near Keswick Moor Farm, white and yellowish sandstone. 



Of these ten places, limestone is only seen actually resting on grit 

 in three, but the others are separated by at most only a few feet 

 from spots at which limestone is seen above, or very near. Li every 

 case the colour of the sandstones is perfectly ordinary and not 

 coloured in the least degree, except in Millgate Quarry, where it is 

 reddish, and that to an amount vastly exceeded in beds lying far in 

 the heart of the Millstone-grit country. Below the white sandstone, 

 at East Keswick, upon which pale yellow limestone is seen to rest, 

 there is a thin band of purplish shale ; but the great section in shale 

 in the bank opposite Bolton Abbey is of the richest purple, many 

 miles from the influence of any causes beyond those that are em- 

 bodied in itself ; and had this purple colour in the shale at East 

 Keswick been derived from above, the sandstone resting upon it and 

 below the limestone ought to have been purple too. Mr. Ward 

 quotes another case far from the limestone.^ I failed to discover any 

 purple grit south of the Wharfe. 



North of the Wharfe. 



1. *Newsome Bridge Quarry, where limestone rests on " white grit, with no trace 



of red or purple colouration." 



2. *St. Helen's Quarry, where yellow limestone rests on five feet of red marl 



which it overlaps at either end of the quarry, and this again rests on 

 coarse purple grit. 



The Knaresborough sections I have not seen, nor those of Scarab 

 and South Stainley, but they all seem to be in the same bed as the 

 red grit of Plompton and Sicklinghall, the most southerly point at 

 which I have observed coloured grit. The range of the phenomenon 

 does not extend as far as Ripon. At Fountains Abbey there is red 

 grit seen, but this is not seen to lie immediately below the lime- 



1 Quart. Journ. Geol, Soc, vol. xxv., p. 295. 



