Edinhurgh Geological Society. 41 



by him to that deposit. The Molhiscan fmiiia of Mool Tryfaon was 

 referred to by the author, who stated that he regarded it as belonging 

 to the period of emergence from tlie deepest depression during wliich 

 the clay without chalk was assumed to liavo been deposited, I. e., to 

 the earliest part of the Post-glacial period, to which the stratified 

 drifts of Scotland are referred by Mr. A. Geikio. 



Discussion.— Mr. Gwyn Jeffreys had found the slulls of Kclsea and elsewhere in 

 Yorkshire to be mainly Aretic, and Mr. Prestwieh, in his paper on the Houlder-clay 

 near Hull, had first pointed out their glacial character. In the late dredgiiigs in 

 H.M.S. 'Porcupine,' several of the species before known as fossil at Jh-idlington, but 

 not as existing in the British seas, had been discovered. In fact he believed that tho 

 Bridlington species, with but few exceptions, had now been_ found in the British 

 seas. Similar species had also been found in the 15ouldor-clay in Scotland. 



Prof. Ramsay was pleased to find the author's views so closely correspond with hia 

 own, published some years ago, as to the glacial phenomena of North Wales, though 

 based on another part of the country. He thought that shells might be found by 

 careful search in the low-lying Boulder-clay in other places than those enumerated, as 

 they had been discovered in the western part of England. 



Mr. Prestwich, though inclined to accept the divisions of the Boulder-clay in 

 Yorkshire, as suggested by the author, was not so clear as to his divisions in the south. 

 He thought the presence of chalk in the clay might be traced to the contiguity of the 

 outcrop of the chalk stratum. The shells being to a very great extent recent, the 

 grouping might be due to accidental or local circumstances. The Chillesford clays, 

 in his opinion, mark the commencement of the great glacial period. 

 ■ Mr. Etheridge suggested that Nucula Cobboldicc, Cardita senilis, and some other 

 shells not found in the British seas, proved the arctic character of the Bridlington fauna. 



Sir Charles Lyell remarked that if the fauna of the Lower and Middle Glacial 

 really corresponded so closely with that of the Crag, it afl"orded a strong argument 

 against their being of the same age as the Bridlington beds. Perhaps, eventually, 

 some palsfeontological connexion might be traced throughout the series, and a chrono- 

 logical scale established. 



The President suggested a difficulty in the marine transport of ice from Shap 

 Fell to Bridlington, not only from the wind blowing rarely in the necessary direction, 

 tut from the current caused by the great submerged ridge also tending to carry any 

 bergs in another direction. He thought the transport by sheet ice more probable. 



The Rev. J. L. Rome had traced the Shap granites over the valley of the Eden, 

 across Stainmoor to the Yorkshire side. There might have been diSiculties in their trans- 

 port, but there they are. Though they were found in Teesdale, yet the intervening 

 ridge of Millstone-grit, 2000 feet, had prevented them finding their way into Swale 

 Dale. 



Mr. Searles V. Wood, jun., stated that he had relied on Mr. Gwyn Jeffreys' work 

 for his classification of the shells as being Arctic or otherwise. He regarded the 

 succession of the various members of the Glacial series of the Eastern side of England 

 as well founded, and borne out also by the molluscan remains. He utterly repudiated 

 the notion that the Chillesford, Bridlington, and Kelsea Hill beds were on the same 

 horizon. He believed nearly the whole of the Scotch beds to be newer than those of 

 the Middle and Lower Glacial. He quoted Prof. Phillips as suggesting a change in 

 the relative elevations around Shap Fell since the dispersion of the boulders, and 

 offered as his own explanation of the hypothesis that the passes by which the boulders 

 travelled were those which, though at the higher levels, were the soonest freed from 

 ice. He thought that the direction of the current was influenced by other causes 

 than the general trend of the rocky dividing ridge. 



• Edinbukgh Gbologicai, Society.— Anniveesary Addbess^ by 

 THE President, Archibald Geikie, F.E.S. — At the Thirty-sixth 

 Anniversary Meeting of the Society, the President, Mr. Geikie, 

 delivered the opening address. After congratulating the Society on 

 its recent progress, he passed on to notice three special branches of 



