Geologists' Association. 91 



Mr. W. Boyd Dawkina did not oonHidor tliat tlioro waB any marked difforonco in 

 tho mamumlian fauna of tho Avon and Sovoru vallcyB. llo bad failed to diHcovor 

 any traooH of FArphas antiqimx in oitlior. 



Mr. Prostwich thought that tho author had probably divided the superficial beds 

 into too many separate deposits, though tho facts brought forward wore of great 

 value. 



Mr. Evans mentioned that he had received information of the discovery many 

 years ago of a Hint iniplouiont in association with the hones of extinct mammals at 

 Lawford. This imploinont had boon exhibited at tho time to the Geological Society, 

 but had disappeared after tho meeting. 



Mr. Lloyd and Mr. Wilson briolly replied. 



Geologists' Association, December 3rd, 1869. — Prof. Morris, Pre- 

 sident, in the chair. Mr. S. R. Pattison, F.G.S., gave an account of 

 the Geology of the Huelva District, in the South of Spain, which he 

 had recently visited. After a rapid sketch of the general geology of 

 the peninsula, noticing the great east and west mountain ridges, with 

 wide intervening table-land and plains, ho described the Granite of 

 Old Castile, which is variously decomposed, bouldered, and drifted ; 

 then the ridge of the Toledo Mountains ; and, finally, that of the 

 Sierra Morena, distinguished by stronger mineralization ; and the 

 Tertiary plains of the Guadalquivir. After quitting Seville, and 

 reaching the banks of the River Tinto, at the fine old fortified town 

 of Niebla, Red Sandstone is met with, including huge masses of 

 limestone, worked for economical purposes. Again descending into 

 the Tertiary plain, the Miocene clift's around the town of Huelva 

 were alluded to, and then the course of the Buitron Railway, from 

 St. Juan by Trigueros. The pale southern Tertiaries are here covered 

 with deep red gravel and sand. Rising with the slope of the country, 

 towards the Sierra, the road enters a district composed of wavy hills 

 of coarse grits, shales, and schistose rocks, with frequent patches of 

 greenstone. There does not appear to be any limestone, nor were 

 any fossils seen, save obscure crinoidal stems. The whole series is 

 treated as Silurian in the only geological maps known. The strike 

 of the rocks and of the chains of wave-like barren hills is east and 

 west, the bedding nearly vertical, frequently varying, with small 

 folds, and a general northerly dip. The pink-red stains soon betray 

 the presence of manganese, hillocks of which are seen on the wharves 

 at the stations ready for transit. The manganese occurs, as is usual 

 with this mineral, in bunchy deposits, coincident with the bedding 

 of the rocks. At Valverde the rocks become more talcose, and 

 quartz veins are numerous. The same coarse and thin-bedded schists 

 continue, with greenstone running with the strike, until a double 

 line of low stones is seen at intervals crossing the country ; these 

 are the saal-hands — vein-walls, which extend in the direction of the 

 strike. Between these are deposits or strong veins. Wherever the 

 surface is reddened by oxide of iron, called by the Spaniards, 

 " Colorados," the depth is occupied by a mass of pyrites. Besides 

 this indication, there is invariably the trace of old workings, called 

 Roman, and, probably, executed under Roman dominion. There 

 are, at Buitron, for instance, ancient sinuous galleries, through 

 which the best portion of the ore at the upper surface of the deposit 



