1 78 Reviews. — Gumhel's Forammlfera, etc. 



so under like circumstances is it possible, more or less accurately, 

 to estimate the amount of erosions and other waste suffered by an 

 equal area in such a territory as the North of Greenland at the 

 present day. 



In conclusion, any qualified person, with proper assistance and 

 time at his disposal, could undertake the preliminary work on a 

 single glacier ; but to do what is necessary to complete it for such 

 an area as the Alps would, probably, involve national scientific co- 

 operation. 



VI. — Dr. C. W. GriJMBEL's Eesearches in Fossil Foeaminifeea 



AND EnTOMOSTRACA. 



„ J A MONG the additions lately made to our knowledge of the 

 ° * xJL Microzoa of past times, we have especiallj'" to notice two 

 works by Professor Dr. 0. W. Gumbel, Bergrath, etc., of Munich. 

 In one of these memoirs we have a monograph of the Foraminifera, 

 associated with Nummulites in the Kressenberg Nummulitic Strata, 

 or Lower Eocene beds, of the North Alps.^ 



The Geology of the Bavarian Alps and their Nummulitic Strata 

 was described by Dr. Gumbel in his Geognostische Beschreibung 

 der bayerischen Alpen in 1861 ; but at that time few Foraminifera 

 besides the Nummulites had been detected in these strata. He now 

 explains how further research has discovered innumerable Microzoa 

 in the marls and limestones, under different conditions, — loose, 

 compact, and as siliceous casts. 



Dr. Gumbel's carefully drawn plates illustrate the Foraminiferal 

 fauna of the Kressenberg Strata, excepting the Nummulites. This 

 fauna approaches in general aspect that of our London Clay, and of 

 the Septarium-clay of Hermsdorf (Prussia), but differs from either 

 in the abundance of Orbitoides, Operculince, and NummnlincB. Hete- 

 rostegina, Calcarina, and Alveolina are also associated with these, and 

 are very rare, or absent, in the two Eocene formations mentioned 

 above, which, on their part, are not deficient in Miliolce, a group not 

 represented in Dr. Giimbel's Bavarian plates. The Bracklesham 

 sandy beds, with their abundant Alveolince and Nummulince are, of 

 course, the well-known equivalents of these true Nummulitic lime- 

 stones and marls ; but they have, in other respects, a poor Forami- 

 niferal fauna, though they add abundance of Miliolce and Discorbina 

 turbo to the list. The Grignon beds (Lower Tertiary) are both 

 Miliolitic and Nummulitic, and have many of the Bavarian species, 

 together with a great variety of others, not met with in the Northern 

 Alps by Dr. Gumbel and his associates. A monograph of the 

 Foraminifera of the Parisian Tertiaries is much wanted. 



The Middle Tertiaries of Vienna, as represented by D'Orbigny, 



1 Beitrage zur Foraminiferenfauna nordalpinen, alteren Eocangebilde oder der 

 Kressenberger Nuramulitenschicliteii. 4to. Munich, 1 868. Extracted from the Trans- 

 actions of the Royal Bavarian Academy of Sciences, CI. 2 ; toI. x.. Part II., pp. 

 581-730. With four plates. 



