188 Reports and Proceedings. 



interesting fauna, wliicli was most unmistakeably that of the Lower 

 Neocomian. 



It was then pointed out that in northern Germany there was 

 evidence, as in this country, of an unconformity existing between 

 the Upper Cretaceous and the Neocomian, as well as between this 

 last and the Jurassic. Attention was also drawn to the fact that 

 while the Neocomian series was complete in Yorkshire and Brunswick, 

 its lowest member was absent in the intermediate districts, being 

 apparently replaced by the freshwater deposits of the German 

 Wealden. 



Discussion. — Mr. Etheridge stated that he had examined sections'in Brunswick 

 and Hanover, at Hildesheira, and other places, and confirmed Mr. Judd's results. 

 He remarked upon the occurrence of Pecten ductus in the Middle Neocomian in 

 England and in the Lower Neocomian in Germany. 



Sir Charles Lyell noticed the occurrence of antiolinals and contortions in the 

 Brunswick district, and remarked upon the comprehensiveness now ascribed to the 

 " Speeton Clay," and on the correspondence of the phenomena observedin Yorkshire, 

 with those presented in the South of England, in passing from Folkestone to the Isle 

 of Wight. He also mentioned the occurrence of Ammonites Deshayesii in the 

 Hastings sand at Punfield, as indicating the marine and Cretaceous nature of that 

 deposit. 



The President inquired as to the evidence of the representation of the Lower 

 Neocomian by "Wealden deposits in Germany. 



Mr. Judd remarked that the Punfield marine band is absolutely enclosed in the 

 Wealden, and that its fossils have an Upper Neocomian character, with a clear 

 affinity to a Spanish series. He regarded the Wealden of North Germany as not 

 strictly contemporaneous with that of England, and stated that the " Hilscon- 

 glomerat" in Brunswick was a shore-deposit, but that its correlation with the 

 Wealden was impossible. 



2, " On Deep-mining with relation to the Physical structure and 

 Mineral-bearing Strata of the S.W. of Ireland." By Samuel Hyde, 

 Esq. Communicated by E. Etheridge, Esq., F.G.S. 



The author described the general structure of the country in the 

 south-west extremity of Ireland, which he stated to consist of a 

 series of rocks analogous to the " Killas " of Cornwall, and belong- 

 ing to the upper part of the Lower, or the lower part of the Upper 

 Devonian series. He combated the opinion which had been ex- 

 pressed by the late Professor Jukes, that copper ores would not be 

 found in the district in sufficient quantities to make mining there a 

 remunerative process. In support of his thesis, he cited the Bear- 

 haven mines, established about fifty years ago, the Allitries and 

 Ballycummisk mines, and the Coosheen mine. He stated that in the 

 Ballycummisk mines a depth of 200 fathoms has been reached, and 

 that some of the shafts at Bearhaven are much deeper. These deep 

 workings were said to yield large returns of ore. In opposition to 

 the opinions stated by the late Professor Jukes, the author main- 

 tained that the copper lodes were of the same nature as those of 

 Cornwall, and he described them as running in a similar direction, 

 namely, 10°-25° N. of E. From the similarity in the geological 

 constitution of the country, and in the direction of its mineral veins, 

 the author was inclined to infer a former continuity between the 



