C. Lapivorth — Geology of Galashiels. 205 



The following has been considered to be the ascending order in 

 the Lower Silurian of the South of Scotland : — 



1. The Bottom Rocks of Hawick and liorthwick water. 



2. The parti-coloured Shales and Greywackcs of Dryfe water. 



3. The Moffat Series or Anthracitic Schists. 



4. A thick group of Greywackes and Shales, supposed to include 

 the Gvieston and Barlae flags. 



5. The Wrao Limestone and its superimposed Shales. 



6. The Caradoc of Girvan. 



7. The Llandovery of Girvan. 



Such is the order generally received among geologists, but there 

 is necessarily much difference of opinion, and all below the limestones 

 of Carrick may be said to be in an exceedingly confused and uncer- 

 tain condition. The Wrae Limestone has been paralleled by some 

 with that of the Stinchar, and considered to be the equivalent of the 

 Bala Limestone of Wales, while the Geological Survey doubtingly 

 places it among the Llandeilo beds. At the same time the Anthracitic 

 Schists of Moffat are proved by their fossil contents to belong to the 

 Upper Llandeilo, and thus no place is left in the system for the 24,000 

 feet of strata supposed to lie between these well-marked horizons. 

 (Geol. Journal, vol. xi., p. 393.) 



Professor Harkness endeavours to rid himself of this awkward 

 difficulty by placing the Moffat beds in the Lower Llandeilo, and 

 considering them of the age of the Skiddaw Slates (Geol. Journal, 

 vol. xi., p. 393), and, when this idea has to be abandoned, by 

 supposing the Grieston and Barlae flags to represent the Fucoidal 

 Sandstones of Sweden, and thus to be inferior to the Moffat series, 

 but repeated to the north by faults or flexures (Geol. Journal, vol. 

 xii., p. 238) ; while Mr. Geikie is of opinion that " One cannot cross 

 the section of these strata in the railway cuttings, or traverse the 

 valleys between the line of the Wrae Limestone and the Dobb's Linn 

 Anthracitic bands, without surmising that on the whole there is an 

 ascending section to the N.W., and hence, that there must be a group 

 of thick beds of Greywackes and Shales between the Anthracitic 

 series and the Limestone." (Trans. Geol. Soc, Glas., v. iii., p. 81.) 



There are three places known to be fossiliferous in this unplaced 

 and puzzling portion of the Lower Silurian — viz., Grieston, near 

 Linerleithen ; Thornilee, near Galashiels ; and Barlae, near New 

 Galloway. 



From the Grieston, Professor Nicol obtained GraptoUtTius priodon 

 (Bronn), Cr. convolutus (His.), G. distans and G. tenuis (Portlk.), and 

 a new species he named Griestonensis. (Geol. Journal, vol. vi., p. 53.) 



From Thornilee he obtained G. priodon, G. convolutus, and another 

 form, which Mr. Salter ultimately pronounced to be a scalariform 

 impression of G. Sagittarius (His.) ; also Crossopodia Scotica (M'Coy), 

 and Nereites Camhrensis (Murch.). (Geol. Journal, vol. xi., p. 53.) 



From the Barlae flags Professor Harkness has obtained Chondrites, 

 Crossopodia, Trichoides, Algce, and a small Olenus. (Geol. Journal, 

 vol. xi., p. 393.) 



If we except G. priodon, and allow the Annelides a share in deter- 



