C. Lapivorth — Geology of Galashiels. 207 



the real thickness may be but a fraction of this estimate, but it cannot 

 exceed it. 



There are few exposures of the rocks themselves. Quarries for 

 dry-stone dykes, and the rocky beds of rivers, wliich are submerged 

 for ten months in tlie year, afford, roughly speaking, the only means 

 of reaching the strata, so that nothing like a section i,s attempted, 

 and a short description only of the different beds is subjoined; 

 premising that the distinctive lithological characters are drawn prin- 

 cipally from the varying appearance of the more slialy strata, and 

 that tlie order here adopted is necessarily to a certain extent geo- 

 graphical. 



[A) Bodes of the Moffat Series. 



First, then, for the undei-lying band of Anthracite, which I have 

 classed pi'ovisionally with the Moffat Series. 



The Black Shales make their first appearance in the neighbourhood 

 in a small stream falling into the Etti-ick below Sunderland, about a 

 mile and a half above the junction of the Ettrick and Tweed. They 

 are associated with hard-jointed grits, and indurated yellow, bluish, 

 or white shales, and have as yet yielded no fossils. 



They are next seen crossing the Ettrick, at Lindean Bridge, are 

 of the usual type, and exceedingly crushed and contorted. They 

 have, however, here yielded D. pristis (His.) and a C'ladograpsus. 



Prolonging the line of strike (which is here from 20° to 25° N.E.), 

 we meet with the Black Shales once more in a small burn that runs 

 from near Canldshiels into the Ettrick, a quarter of a mile below 

 Lindean. They are here developed to a greater extent than at any 

 other place in the district, and have, as usual, been fruitlessly bored 

 for coal. They are excessively disturbed, and are interlaced by fine 

 veinings of quartz; but we have managed to obtain from them 

 Diplograpsus teretiusculus (His.), D. vesiculosus (Nich.), D. pristis 

 (His.), Cladograpsus capillaris (Carr), and Graptolitlius Sagittarius 

 (His.). They are not seen again until we reach a small burn that 

 runs down from the hills to the west of Eildon, through a gully 

 called the Ehymer's Grlen, but there are traces of their presence at 

 the S.E. end of Canldshiels Loch, v/here their associated purple and 

 whitish shales are seen intersected by many dykes of the Eildon 

 porphyry, and from these shales we have procured Graptolites 

 loUferus (M'Coy), i.e., G. Bechii (Barr) and G. Nicoli (Hark.), two 

 varieties of G. Nilssoni (Barr), G. Sedgwickii (Portlock), Bastrites 

 triangidatus (Hark.), B. maximus (Barr), B. Idnncei (Barr), in addition 

 to those mentioned as present in the Lindean bum. 



At the Pihymer's Glen the dark shales are seen to be interstratified 

 with heavy greywackes, and the purple and blue shales are well 

 exposed, but seem to be unfossiliferous. The black beds have yielded 

 Siphonotreta micula (M'Coy), together with a few fragments of 

 Graptolitlius. 



After passing beneath the south slope of Eildon, and crossing the 

 railway near Newstead, where their course can be made out with 

 difficulty, they are seen for the last time, before they plunge beneath 



