286 Reviews— E. T. Stevens's "Flint Chips" ■ 



evidently of the same age as the great sand formation of the 

 vale of York, though in the vale of York the distinction between 

 the sand and stratified gravel is generally better defined. Both 

 the sand and washed gravel contain boulders., and from their 

 position it is evident that they must have been dropped in. The 

 action of floating ice, therefore, could not have ceased during the 

 deposition of the sand. During the deposition of the sand there 

 would appear to have been rapid currents in a shallow sea. The 

 deflected and eddying action of these currents in peculiar situations 

 would be likely to leave an undulating surface, varied by abrupt 

 eminences. But the undulations left by deposition must have been 

 modified by contemporaneous or subsequent denudation; for on a 

 very uneven surface of sand (a surface unconformable to its stratifi- 

 cation) an upper Boulder-clay was deposited. It may either have 

 been derived from the denudation of the yellow Boulder-clay, or from 

 a direct denudation of shale and rock ; and it is difiicult to explain 

 its position above the sand, without supposing a slight reversion in 

 the movement of the land, or a second partial subsidence. 



Limits of Biver-Action. — Since the Glacial submergence, rivers 

 have been occupied in cutting well-defined channels in drift-deposits. 

 In most parts of the valley of the Aire they have not yet got down 

 to the solid rock, and there is reason to believe that between Bingley 

 and Skipton the drift in some places fills up hollows which at one 

 time may have been lake-basins. The river-deposits consist of small 

 pebbles, never spread out continuously for great distances, but con- 

 fined to patches or ridges, and of a nearly stoneless sand and loam 

 deposited over considerable areas. The rivers are not giving rise to 

 boulder-deposits, or, with a few exceptions, to original drifts of any 

 kind. A little investigation will show that where patches of pebbles 

 are found in the river-channels-, they have generally been washed 

 out of boulder-drifts in the immediate neighbourhood. 



I^:E3^V'IE^W-S. 



I. — Flint-Chips, a guide to Pre-historic Archaeology, as illustrated 

 by the Collection in the Blackmore Museum, Salisbury. By 

 Edward T. Stevens, Honorary Curator of the Blackmore 

 Museum. 8vo., pp. 594. London : Bell and Daldy. 



FEW men, however public-spirited, have shone out better than 

 Mr. William Blackmore, the founder of the "Blackmore 

 Museum," the contents of which have furnished the text and 

 illustrations for the handsome and portly volume before us. Its 

 author, Mr. Stevens, the Honorary Curator (who is also the brother- 

 in-law of the Founder of the Museum), has been as ardent as Mr. 

 Blackmore himself in carrying out the' idea of founding a Pre- 

 historic Museum in his native city, the birthplace of several genera- 

 tions of the Blackmore family. 



Here, assembled under one roof, in a handsomely decorated room, 



