T. Davidson — Tertiary Brachiopoda. 365 



abundant in the Pliocene of various parts of Italy. It may be col- 

 lected at Casaglia near Volterra, Monale near Asti, etc., in Tuscany ; 

 at Monte Mario in Eome, in Calabria, and in the Island of Sicily. 



To an inflated variety from the Piacentino (PI. XIX., Fig. 2) 

 Brocchi gave the name of ampulla, and he refers likewise to a figure 

 by Scilla (De Corporibus Marinis, pi. xiv., fig. 6, 1759), but many 

 palaeontologists seem to be of opinion that this designation should be 

 added to the synonyms of T. grandis. Sig. Meneghini believes, 

 however, that he has detected some small modifications in the shape 

 of the loop, which he thinks might perhaps entitle it to retain its 

 separate designation. He proposes likewise the name of T. RegnoUi 

 for a circular shell (PI. XIX., Fig. 3), from the Upper Miocene of 

 Parlascio (Hills of Pisa), in which the crura and lateral branches of 

 the loop would be more divaricated and the shell punctures more 

 strongly marked than in either T. grandis or T. ampulla. Sig. 

 Sequenza informs me that all the Sicilian specimens that were referred 

 by him to T. ampulla are in reality referrible to T. grandis, and I 

 am quite disposed to concur in this opinion. The shell under notice 

 has not yet been discovered in the recent condition ; the largest 

 known recent Terehratulce having elongated loops, as in TFaldhei?nia. 



2. Terehrafula sinuosa (Brocchi), PI. XVIII, Fig. 3, 4, 5. Brocchi 

 refers us to the Encyclopedie Methodique, pi. 239, fig. 3, for an 

 illustration of his species, and on comparing this figure with similar 

 small examples of T. sinuosa from Italy and the Island of Malta,^ I 

 found that they agreed completely, as well as with the typical 

 example of T. Pedemontana (Lamarck), in the Museum of the Jardin 

 des Plantes, of Paris,^ so I am inclined to consider that all these 

 shells may perhaps be variations in shape of a single species. Sig. 

 Meneghini believes T. Pedemontana to be specifically distinct, both 

 bj' the incurvation of its beak and shape of its loop. 



T. sinuosa attains large dimensions, bat not quite as great as 

 T. grandis. It is very variable in shape, so much so, that at one 

 time I felt inclined to concur in the opinion expressed by several 

 palseontologists, — namely, that T. sinuosa might be nothing more 

 than a biplicated variety of T. grandis; but having subsequently 

 found that so many middle-aged and adult specimens attributed to 

 T. sinuosa were always extremely biplicated, I became disposed to 

 consider it as specifically distinct from T. grandis. Mr. Champer- 

 nowne has likewise collected several specimens at Cordova, in Spain, 

 which agreed in every respect with those so abundantly found in the 

 Island of Malta, and I have also seen two or three examples from 

 Algeria which presented the same peculiarities. 



It is still uncertain when this species first made its appearance ; 

 an incomplete specimen (PL XVII., Fig. 3), obtained by Sig. Mene- 

 ghini in Eocenic greensand at Belluno has, with some uncertainty, 

 been attributed to the species. From the Middle Miocene it is quoted 

 from Eosignano, near Casale and the Colle dei Cappucini, near 

 Turin. T. Pedemontana is stated by Meneghini to occur only in the 



1 Dav., Annals and Mag. of Nat. Hist. 2nd ser. vol. v., pi. xiv., fig. 34, 1850. 



2 Dav., Annals and Mag. of Nat. Hist, for July, 1864. 



VOL. VII. NO. LXXIV. 24 



