398 E. Ray Lankestei — On a New Cephalaspis, etc. 



which is blackened with vegetable matter and holds many frag- 

 ments of land plants ; but in shales at no great vertical distance 

 there are shells of Lingula and Modiomorpha, resembling species 

 found in the Hamilton group of New York." 



The specimen (Fig. 1) presents in slight relief a small Cephalaspis, 

 with head-shield and greater part of the body, and is much flattened. 

 The shield appears to be larger in proportion to the body than in any 

 British species. The orbits are not shown, and the matrix has not 

 preserved the scales of the body with much distinctness, though it is 

 possible to make out the lateral and marginal series. No trace of 

 pectoral, dorsal, nor caudal fins is to be made out. This species 

 clearly belongs to the section Eu-cephalaspis as defined in my Mono- 

 graph of CephalaspidcB} Its best character as a species is to be 

 found in the very fine, almost granular, tubercles (Fig. 2) which 

 are preserved on some parts of the surface, and represent the 

 apparently universally present tubercular ornament of the Osteos- 

 traci. These fine tubercles are more minute than on any British 

 CepJialaspid, and, though seemingly not very well shown in this 

 specimen, furnish a specific mark. Amongst other fragments from 

 this bed, which Dr. Dawson has submitted to me, is a small 

 piece of tubercle ornament, possibly belonging to the 

 same species of Cephalaspis. In this, the tubercles are 

 very sharply moulded and nearly hemispherical. Various 

 other fragments which cannot be identified, but are pro- 

 bably bits of fish bones, etc., are amongst the collection. 

 A very fine fish-spine — the Machairacanthus sulcatus — 

 is drawn at Fig. 3 from a specimen which was also 

 obtained in the sand-stones associated with the shale 

 which furnished the Cephalaspis. This sandstone is 

 not unlike the sandstone of Glamis, and other parts 

 of Perthshire and Forfarshire which furnish Cephalaspis ; 

 whilst the shale strongly recalls the Forfarshire shale, 

 which has furnished Mr. Powrie with his beautiful 

 Cephalaspis Pagei. 



The spines which occur in the Cornstones of Here- 

 fordshire, which have not yet been worked out, are of 

 various forms and are usually " lumped " as Onchus. 

 None, however, appear to resemble 31 achairacanthus, 

 with its remarkable keeling like the petiole of a sweet- 

 , pea. I propose to call the new American Cephalaspis 

 I after the illustrious geologist who has allowed it to 

 be figured here : Cephalaspis Dawsoni. 



Wg. 3, 



Note on Scaphaspis Knerii. 



When at Vienna in the spring I was very anxious to see Dr. 

 Kner's original type of the genus Pteraspis, and was enabled to do 

 so through the kindness of Professor Reuss, who after some hunting 



1 Monograph of the Fishes of the Old Red Sandstone of Britain by J. Powrie, 

 F.G.S., and E. Ray Lankester. Part I, The Cephalaspidos, by E. Ray Lankester 

 MoE. Pal. Soc. 1S68, p. 20, fig. 9. 



