T. Davidson — Tertiary BracMopoda. 403 



T. septata, but Sig. Sequenza assures me that the loop in T. septata 

 sends off lateral branches which become attached to the septum in 

 the dorsal valve (PI. XIX., Fig. 10), while in W. septigera these 

 lateral processes would not exist, the loop retaining the characters 

 of Waldheimia (PI. XIX., Fig. 16). W. septigerahas, I believe, been 

 collected from the Middle Miocene of Serravalle di Scrivia. In the 

 Lower Pliocene at St. Filippo, Gravitelli, etc., near Messina. In the 

 Upper Pliocene, in Calabria and Messina. In the recent State it has 

 been dredged by Loven at Finmark, and by Dr. Carpenter and Mr. 

 J. G. Jeffreys at a depth of 345 fathoms, between the islands of 

 Shetland and Fceroe ; and again recently (Porcupine expedition by 

 Mr. Jeffreys, at from 165 to 175 miles south of the Scilly isles, and 

 at about 185 miles from Ushant). 



31. Waldheimia cranium (Miiller), PI. XIX., Fig. 11, 12. Zool. 

 Dan. Prod. p. 249, No. 3006, 1776. = Ter. euthyra (Philippi), Enum. 

 Moll. Sic, vol. 2, p. 68, pi. xviii., fig. 8, 1844. Macandrevia cranium 

 (King), Proceedings of the Dublin University Zoological and 

 Botanical Association, vol. 1, part 3, p. 201, 1859. 



Mr. Jeffreys has for some time past entertained the opinion that 

 Ter. euthyra is the fossil representative of the recent Wald. cranium 

 and Sig. Sequenza is now disposed to adopt the same conclusion. The 

 loop of the fossil was figured by Dr. Suess in the German edition of 

 my General Introduction (PL I. Fig. 5, 1856), and it agrees with that 

 of W. cranium. Dr. Carpenter believes that the deflected portion of 

 skeleton or loop is connected with the lower portion on each side by 

 a slight suture that may be easily ruptured, but if this is really the 

 case in all examples, of which I am by no means certain, it 

 would not alter the main character or shape of the loop, which is 

 essentially that belonging to the genus or sub-genus Waldheimia. I 

 am well aware that Prof. W. King has proposed that this species 

 should serve as the type of a new genus Macandrevia, but I hardly 

 imagine that the small differences that it presents in some of its 

 internal details would warrant its complete generic separation 

 from Waldheimia, but I am willing to admit that a difference of 

 opinion may be entertained upon this point, and I merely offer my 

 own view upon the subject. The fossil specimens of W. cranium do 

 not appear to attain quite the dimensions of the full grown recent 

 shell, but as has been shown both by Messrs. MacAndrew and Jeffreys, 

 the living shell is a northern type and becomes consequently smaller 

 and more stunted in its growth as it deviates in a southern direction 

 from its more favoured northern habitat ; the last dwarfed represen- 

 tatives of the species having been dredged by Mr. MacAndrew, at Vigo 

 Bay. It abounds in the recent state at IFddevalla, east Loffoden, 

 Christianiaford, etc. In the older Pliocene it occurs near Messina in 

 Sicily, where it does not appear to be very abundant, and I may 

 also observe that some Sicilian specimens present a median depression 

 in the dorsal valve, which I have not observed in any of the recent 

 examples. 



32. Waldheimia ? Davidsoniana {Sequenza) , PI. XIX., Fig. 13, 13a. 

 Sicilian Brachiopoda, pl. v. fig. 1-6, 1865. 



