430 Reviews — C. E, Be Bance. 



that the whole domain of physical science engages the attention of 

 the Society. Mr. Wilson sends a paper on " A Eemarkable Instance 

 of Protective Mimicry among the Lepidoptera," that of Papilio Merope 

 and Danais Niavius, which is provided with an excellent illustration. 

 Mr. Hutchinson contributed one on " Spectrum Analysis and what it 

 has done ;" and Mr. Sedgwick an excellent chatty paper on "Norway." 

 The average attendance of members for the whole year is 39, and 

 the list of presentation of books and specimens quite a large one. 

 The Society is to be congratulated on what it has done, and we 

 wish it continued success. 



n. — GrEOLOGY OF THE COTJNTRY BETWEEN LIVERPOOL AND SoTJTHPOET. 

 By C. E. De Eance, F.G.S. 



ONE of the more recent publications of the Grcological Survey of 

 England is a short explanation accompanying sheet 90, SE. 

 of the country between Liverpool ani Southport. The greater 

 portion of the area comprised in this sheet is covered by the sea. 

 On the smaller portion of land the following deposits are described 

 as occurring : — 



I Blown Sand 

 Upper " Cyclas " Clay | Alluvium. 



Upper " Scrobicularia Clay. ) 



P Ti" t * i ^PP®^ Peat. 



(.Lower "Cyclas" Clay. 



x> . 1 -if Shirdley HUl Sand. 

 Post-glacial w tj j. 



° ( Lower Peat. 



Gia ial \ ^^^^ (j^i^dle Drift). 



( Lower Boulder Clay. 

 ■J7- ( Keuper Marls. 



■P ( Lower Keuper Sandstone. 



■p , / Upper Eed and Mottled Sandstone. 



±5unter \PebbleBeds. 



The Triassic beds play a very inconspicuous part in the Surface- 

 geology of this district, " with the exception of the crests of two or 

 three slopes " the area is deeply covered with drifts of various ages. 

 The Boulder-Clay is described as generally of a light-red colour, 

 containing many small pebbles and occasional boulders, beds of 

 marl, and seams of sand. The pebbles and boulders are almost ex- 

 clusively erratic, Triassic rocks being rare. 



Thin beds of sand occur at several places within the district, they 

 are doubtfully referred by Mr. De Eance to the Middle Drift (now 

 termed " Middle Glacial " by Mr. S. V. Wood, Jun.) ; they may, he 

 thinks, be merely intercalated beds of sand in the Lower Boulder 

 Clay. 



Upon the " Lower Peat," which varies from one inch to four feet 

 in thickness, the " Shirdley Hill Sand " generally rests. This is a 

 light-coloured coarse sand, with occasional pebbles of quartz, and 

 rarely the marine shells Cardium edule and Turritella communis. The 

 range of low hills, the author remarks, which are composed of this 



