D. Mackintosh — Geology of the Lake-District. 459 



in PI. XXV., Fig. 29. Further N., where the slope is partlj^ 

 covered with grass, the sand and upper clay seem to increase in 

 thickness (PL XXV., Fig. 27). 



Cleator Moor. — In a limestone quarry near the east end of the 

 village, I saw a considerable extent of surface nearly cleared of 

 reddish-brown boulder-clay. Part of the surface was sea-worn into 

 the most fantastic shapes, and part was glaciated. The striee pointed 

 to between N.E. and N.N.E. The boulders I saw were chiefly light- 

 coloured syenite from Ennerdale, and a kind of hard trap.^ 



EXPLANATION OF PLATES XXIV. AND XXV. 



[The classification adopted in the sections is provisional and may have to be altered, 

 though I believe that wherever two or more drift-deposits occur in vertical suc- 

 cession, the order here assigned will be found to hold good ; and though one drift- 

 deposit previously to the accumulation of another has often undergone extensive 

 denudation, it is not presumed that each deposit was ever spread continuously over the 

 whole of the area in parts only of which it is now to be found.] 



PLATE XXIV. 



Fig. 1.— 1, bluish-grey boulder-clay ; 2, yellowish-brown, reddish-brown, or variegated 

 boulder-clay; 3, stratified sand and gravel; 4, upper boulder-clay and 

 loam, generally reddish. A, 2, pinel on a hill slope, in one place underlain 

 by pre- glacial screes, a; B, 2, pinel on a hill slope, replaced upwards by 

 screes, b, and both covered with foxy-coloured loam, 4 ; C, 2, pinel on a 

 hill slope, 4, loam overlying the pinel and running upwards into old 

 screes e, d recent screes. These diagrams are intended to represent the 

 most frequent mode of occurrence of drifts on plains and on mountain 

 slopes in the Lake-District. 



2. — Low-water tarn, under the summit of the Old Man, dammed back by a 

 moraine. 



3. — Glaciated rock-surface, in Church Beck VaUey, Coniston. 



4. — Split block, in Pudding Cove, Coniston. 



5. — Glaciated rock-surface, S.E. of "Windermere. 



6. — Eoche Moutonnee, partly covered with loam, near Windermere. 



7. — Ditto, covered on upstream side with pinel and loam. 



8.- — Laminated pinel, near EUerlay. 



9. — Beach of pinel, under a cliff between Troutbeck and Kirkstone. 

 10. — Section near Low "Wood Hotel. S, massive slate ; L, laminated slate ; 



2, fine pinel ; 4, loamy clay. 

 11. — Section about a mile S. of Shap. L, Carboniferous limestone ; 2, greyish- 

 brown pinel, with granite and other stones ; 3, reddish loam. [See paper 

 on ShapfeU Boulders, Geol. Mag., Aug., 1870, Vol. VII., No. 8.] 



12. — Section opposite Brougham Hall. 3, sand and gravel ; 4, reddish clay with 

 boulders, covered with vegetation. 



13. — Section close to railway cutting near Stainton (Penrith). 2, reddish-brown 

 boulder-clay; 3, stratified, waved, and false-bedded sand and gravel; 

 4, reddish, loamy clay. 

 14, — Section of Old Eed Sandstone, at the foot of UUswater, 



PLATE XXV. 



Fig. 15. — Section of Bowscale cwm and S. slope of Caldew valley. 



16. — Theoretical section, from Doddick cwm (Saddleback) to the railway. P, 



pinel ; 4, loam ; 1 , blue clay ; 2, brown clay. 

 17. — Eough sketch of the Knotts, covered with syenitic blocks — Wanthwaite 

 Eed Screes or Clough Head behind. 



^ This article has expanded' to such unexpected dimensions, that a brief statement 

 of the results of several weeks' researches iato the derivation and distribution of the 

 granitic drift of West Cumberland must be reserved for a future number of the 

 Geological Magazine. 



