464 T. Davidson — Tertiary Brachiopoda. 



fold and sinus apparent only close to the front. Length 4, width 4, 

 depth 3 lines. 



Of this species I have seen but one example, which had been 

 found by Sig. Meneghini in the Nummulitic, or Eocene of Bolca. It 

 is entirely distinct from any of the other Italian species of its genus. 



55. Crania Bayaniana (Dav.), PL XXL, Fig. 20, 20a. 



Shell small, orbicular, broadest and rounded anteriorly, slightly 

 converging and nearly straight posteriorly ; ventral valve attached 

 by a portion of its shell to corals, Bryozoa, etc. ; dorsal valve slightly 

 convex, sometimes much flattened, apex sub-marginal ; external 

 surface covered with numerous prominent concentric ridges, from 

 which rise numerous small adpressed spines. In the interior there 

 exists a widish granulated border with four muscular impressions, 

 the central pair in the dorsal valve being divided by a nose-like 

 prominence. Length and width about 4 lines. Some little un- 

 certainty seems still to exist as to the Eocene age of the bed con- 

 taining this small Crania. It would, according to Dr. Suess and Mr. 

 Bayan, correspond to the beds of Biarritz, which these geologists 

 would consider to be superior, or to overlie the Calcaire Grossier of 

 the Paris Basin. C. Bayaniana was found by Mr. Bayan, at 

 the Bueca di Sciesa, near Brendola, and at Lonigo (Colli Berici), 

 and if the specimen attached to a coral (fig. 21, 21a) belongs to the 

 same species, it would occur likewise at Crosara (along with Theci- 

 dium Mediterraneum), in the upper portion of Mr. Bayan's stage F. 



56. Crania alnormis (Defrance), PL XXL, Fig. 22-27. C. abnormis 

 (Defrance). Die. Sciences Nat., vol. ii., p. 312, id. F. W. Hoening- 

 haus, Monog. der Gattung Crania, p. 13, pi. i., fig. 13, 1828. C. 

 Eoeninghausii (Michelotti) . Acephali et Brachiopodi, p. 6, andFoss. 

 Mioc. de 1' Italic Sept. p. 79, pi. ii., fig. 27, 1847. C. Rugosa 

 (Sequenza). Piedmontese Brachiopoda. Annali dell' Ac'cad. degli 

 aspiranti Naturalisti di Napoli. Third series, vol. vi., pi. ii., fig. 

 4, 1866. 



The interior of both valves of this Crania have been well described 

 and figured by Hoeninghaus, Goldfuss, and others, but the exterior 

 of the upper valve only seems to have been illustrated. In 1866 

 Sig. Sequenza had received from Sig. Eovasenda, of Turin, some 

 lower valves of a Crania which appeared to him to difi'er so much 

 from the upper valves of C. alnormis that he felt tempted to propose 

 for these last the specific designation of rugosa. During the winter 

 of 1868, Sig. PbOvasenda sent me a large series of upper valves of 

 C. abnormis, as well as several specimens of Sequenza's C. rugosa, 

 and I became at once impressed with the idea that this last was no 

 other than the attached valve of Defrance's species. In order to test 

 the accuracy of this view, I obtained, through the kindness of 

 M. Charles Des Moulins, of Bordeaux, and of M. E. Tournouer, of 

 Paris, some authentic specimens of the attached valve of C. abnormis, 

 derived from the Faluns of Terrenegre, near Bordeaux (Etage Tong- 

 rien d'Orb), the locality from where Defrance's specimens had been 

 obtained, and I at once found that I had been correct in my anticipa- 

 tion, namely, that the French examples would entirely agree with 



