O. Doivker—On the Chalk of Kent. 467 



It will be remembered that Mr. Phillips divides the Chalk, 

 commencing with that between Walmer and St. Margaret's Bay 

 into — 



1st. Chalk with numerous flints 350 feet, divided into Chalk 

 with few organic remains and beds of flint about two feet apart, and 

 a bed of Chalk with numerous organic remains with peculiarly formed 

 interspersed flints. 



2nd. Chalk with few flints 130 feet, and between this and the 

 last a thin bed of Marl, two or three inches thick. 



3rd. Chalk without flints 140 feet. Between this and the last a 

 soft bed of Marl ; this is subdivided into a bed containing numerous 

 beds of organic remains 90 feet, and a stratum about 50 feet with 

 few organic remains. 



4th. Grey Chalk estimated at not less than 200ft, This description 

 applies to the coast section ; inland between Walmer and Wingham, 

 a bed of Chalk, superior to that seen in the coast-section, is met with, 

 consisting of marly Chalk, with few flints, and this bed I take to be 

 the representative of the Margate Chalk. This latter, described 

 by Mr. Whitaker, is characterized by the absence of flints ; the 

 few found in it are not disposed in regular layers but scattered 

 through the mass, and are apparently for the most part fossil 

 sponges. This Chalk is very soft and marly, especially when wet, 

 and makes superior whiting : occasionally very thin beds of flint 

 occur obliquely. It is very much jointed at right angles to the 

 plane of bedding, and the larger joints which are very marked 

 and constant, run mostly in a north-west and south-east direction. 

 The wearing away of the cliff along these joints forms a conspicuous 

 and picturesque feature in the Margate Chalk, the joints being often 

 traceable inland from atmospheric denudation having followed them. 

 Besides the peculiar jointing of this Chalk it breaks up in drying 

 into numerous smaller joints, and is very splintery, giving forth a 

 metallic sound when struck with a hammer. This division of the 

 Chalk may be 80 or 90 feet in thickness, and the upper portion has 

 a peculiar ferruginous tint, owing to numerous organic remains in 

 oxide of Iron. A short time since a well was sunk at Mr. Cobb's 

 Brewery at Margate, which gave the following details. The well 

 being in a valley all the upper beds were not present. 



Chalk, without flints 30 feet, Margate Chalk 



Chalk, with numerous flints 265 „ 



Eocky Chalk 19 „ 



Blue Marl 3 „• 



Beyond this the well was continued into Chalk, having few flints, 

 depths not determined. It seems to me probable that the Eocky 

 Chalk and the Blue Marl were the representatives of the bed de- 

 scribed by Mr. Phillips as seen below Dover Castle. Mr. Whitaker 

 in his paper on the Thanet Chalk showed the connection of the Mar- 

 gate or upper flintless Chalk with that at Broadstairs and Eamsgate, 

 where a more flinty Chalk is seen. In the Cliff section the lower or 

 flinty Chalk rises near Broadstairs, and dips again between Eamsgate 



