The Migration of Nortii American Birds 15 



MEXICAN CHICKADEE 



The Mexican Chickadee {Pcntheslcs sclaleri) ranges over much of the 

 higher parts of the whole of Mexico. It barely reaches the United States in 

 the Chiricahua Mountains of southeastern Arizona and the Animas Mountains 

 of southwestern New Mexico. It is non-migratory. 



MOUNTAIN CHICKADEE 



The Mountain Chickadee is well named, for it is an inhabitant of the 

 western mountains from southern Canada, east to central Montana, and 

 south to the southern Sierras and the mountains of Arizona, New Mexico 

 and western Texas. This is the range of the typical form, Penthestes gambeli 

 gambeli. A subspecies, Bailey's Mountain Chickadee {P. g. baileys), ranges 

 from the mountains of southern California in Los Angeles County into the 

 northern part of Lower California. The Mountain Chickadee is not migratory 

 in the ordinary sense of the word; but, while most of the individuals remain in 

 the mountains throughout the winter, some of them indeed at timber-line, 

 others descend to the foothills, and even a few miles out on the ])lains. 



ALASKA CHICKADEE 



The Lapp Titmouse, or Chickadee {Penthestes cinctus) has a wide range 

 in northern Europe and northern Asia. The few individuals which occur in 

 extreme eastern Siberia, and across Bering Strait to northern Alaska and 

 northwestern Mackenzie, have been separated under the name of the Alaska 

 Chickadee {Penthestes cinctus alascensis). They are non-migratory, though 

 wandering somewhat in winter, like the other members of the genus. 



HUDSONIAN CHICKADEE 



The Hudsonian Chickadee is the distinctive Chickadee of Canada. It 

 occupies practically the whole forested area of that country and Alaska. It 

 has been divided into two forms, or subspecies; those individuals that breed 

 from southeastern Quebec and Newfoundland south to the White Mountains, 

 the northern Green Mountains, and the Adirondacks, have received the name 

 of the Acadian Chickadee {Penthestes hudsonicus littoralis), while all the others 

 constitute the typical form, the Hudsonian Chickadee {Penthestes hudsonicus 

 hudsonicus). 



The movements of this Chickadee can hardly be called migrations, 

 and yet every winter some individuals desert the mountains to wander in 

 the lowlands south to southern New England, to become the special quest 

 of many a bird walk and the proud boast of the fortunate observer. The 

 typical form has been known to occur in winter south to north Illinois. 



