112 ENGLISH BOTANY. 



reads to us more like one to a dissert than a dinner, and would include fruit and sweet- 

 meats. He says : " Nay, you shall see mine orchard, where, in an arbour, we will eat 

 a last year's pippin of my own grafting, with a dish of caraways, and so forth." 



Parkinson tells us that the roots of the Caraway are excellent boiled, and are 

 better eating than parsnips ; they are still eaten in northern Europe. The young 

 leaves form a good salad, and the larger ones a useful vegetable. The plant is 

 cultivated largely in Suffolk and Essex, where it is usually grown from seed with 

 coriander or teazles, or with both. The produce of Caraway on very rich old leys, on 

 the low lands of Essex, has often been 20 cwt. to the acre. There is always a demand 

 for the fruits in the Loudon market. 



SPECIES III.— C ARUM BULBOCASTANUM. Koch. 



Plate DLXXXIII. 



Reich. Ic. Fl. Germ, et Helv. Vol. XXI. Tab. 1874. 

 BUM, Fl. Gall, et Germ. Exsicc. No. 3394. 



Buuiuni Bulbocastanum, Linn. Sm. Eng. Bot. No. 28G2, and Bab. Mau. Brit. Bot. 

 ed. v. p. 145. Gr. & Godr. PL de Fr. Vol. I. p. 730. 



Rootstock an irregularly sub-globular tuber. Radical leaves 1 or 

 2, deltoid in outline; ternately bipinnate, witb the segments strap- 

 sbaped or elliptical-strapshaped, all in one jilane; stem-leaves 

 numerous. Involucre and involucels of numerous linear strap- 

 shaped leaves. Cr^mocarp not attenuated towards the apex ; 

 interstices with a single vitta ; styles reflexed ; stylopods tumid. 



In cbalky fields. Rare. In Hertfordshire and Cambridgesbire, 

 where it is rather plentiful on arable land near Cherry Hinton. 

 Also reported from the counties of Middlesex and Bedford, but the 

 first of these seems a very doubtful locality. 



England. Perennial. Summer. 



Rootstock fleshy-farinaceous, with an irregular deep-brown ex- 

 terior, varying from the size of a small nut to that of a walnut. Stem 

 very slender where it leaves the rootstock, gradually enlarging in 

 size, and usually twisted between the deeply buried rootstock and tbe 

 surface of the ground, from whence it is erect, G inches to 2 feet high, 

 slightly branched in a corymbose manner. Radical leaves on long 

 stalks, which are twisted between the rootstock and the surface of 

 the ground, the lower pair of pinnae rather remote from and 

 much larger than the others, the pinnae wedge-shaped or rhoni- 

 boidal, cut into rather short segments ; stem-leaves similar, but 

 with short stalks, dilated at the base or in the upper ones through- 

 out. Umbels regular, of numerous rays, f to 1^ inch Long; 

 umbellules many-flowered, with tbe rays \ to \ inch long. Invo- 

 lucre and involucels with the leaves herbaceous with scarious 

 margins, those of the involucels about as long as their rays. 

 Flowers v\j iuoh across, white, slightly radiant. Petals obcordate, 



