106 ENGLISH BOTANY. 
the Ainsty of Yorkshire, and at Linden near Alnwick, in North- 
umberland. Very rare in Ireland, where it grows by the river in the 
park of Castle Bernard, near Bandon, co. Cork. 
England, Ireland. Perennial. Spring and early Summer. 
Stems of two kinds, barren and fertile; barren ones rarely above a 
foot high, with the leaves increasing in size nearly to the apex, the 
largest leaves 3 or 4 inches long. These upper leaves remain through 
the winter, while the lower ones drop off and leave scars. In the 
succeeding year these barren stems elongate at the apex, leaving the 
spreading rosette of the previous year’s leaves at the base of the new 
shoot, which lengthens till the whole is 2 to 3 feet high: the leaves on 
the new portion are rarely above 1 or 1} inch long. Leaves at the 
base of the umbel-rays oval. Flowers in a long narrow panicle formed 
by the numerous short axillary branches in the upper part of the stem. 
Each pair of bracts more or less completely united, the two usually 
about 1 inch across, and more or less tinged with bright yellow. 
Capsule } inch long, yellow. Plant pale green, except the leaves of 
the rosette, which are usually deep green, but in autumn the whole is 
sometimes tinged with red. 
A form of this species grows on stony slopes in the Isle of Portland. 
The whole plant is not above 9 inches to 1 foot high; the barren 
shoots about 6 inches; the leaves of the rosettes densely pilose on the 
under sides and at the margins with white hairs. On the flowering 
stem the large leaves of the rosette soon decay, and the part above it 
is very densely clothed with fulvous hairs; the branches below the 
umbel are few in number or absent, so that the paniculate form of 
inflorescence is not developed. 
Woody Spurge. 
French, Buphorbe des bois. German, Mandelblattrige Wolfsmilch. 
The milky juice of this and other species of spurge is very acrid, and though not 
highly poisonous, corrodes and ulcerates the flesh wherever it is applied. Warts and 
corns anointed with it are said soon to disappear, but great caution is needed in using 
it, or injury is likely to result to the surrounding skin. It is said to be a remedy for 
toothache, but it is of so very acrid a nature that we do not recommend it. We have 
several cases related in works on jurisprudence of poisoning with the juice of the 
different species of spurge. Dr. Christison and Dr. Taylor both relate instances of 
death following its administration in a very short time. 
SPECIES IX—EUPHORBIA ESULA. Lim. 
Pirate MCCLXI. 
Reich. Ic. Fl. Germ. et Helv. Vol. V. Tab. CXLVI. Fig. 4791. 
Billot, Fl. Gall. et Germ. Exsice. No. 1325. 
Perennial. Rootstock creeping. Stems rather stout, erect, simple 
at the base, with numerous short barren leafy branches in the middle, 
