URTICACE. 137 
for the purpose. Some fibre prepared from the hop plant was exhibited not long 
ago; but it is very doubtful whether it would ever pay to extract and prepare it so 
that it could be woven into cloth. A sort of canvas is made in Sweden from hop- 
fibre, obtained by macerating the stems in water for the whole winter. These stems 
are often twisted into rough cordage to tie up the bags in which the hops are packed. 
A yellow tint is yielded by the juice, which may be used as a dye. 
Sus-Orper IIJ.—ULMACEZ. 
Flowers perfect or polygamous, not arranged on a fleshy clinanth 
nor spadix. Filaments elongate, incurved in bud. Ovary 2-celled or 
imperfectly 2-celled, each cell containing a single suspended ovule, 
rarely 1-celled or 1-ovuled; styles or stigmas 2. Fruit 1-celled and 
1-seeded, a dry samara or more rarely a drupe. Seed exambuminous or 
with a small portion of gelatinous albumen; embryo straight or more 
rarely curved; radicle remote from the hilum 
GENUS V—ULMUS. Linn. 
Flowers perfect, rarely polygamous. Perianth campanulate or 
funnelshaped, membranous, limb with 5 or more rarely 4 to 8 lobes. 
Stamens 5, rarely 4 or 8. Ovary ovoid, compressed, 2-celled, each 
cell with 1 ovule; styles 2, stigmatiferous on the inner face. Fruit 
(samara) 1-celled and 1-seeded, ovoid, much compressed, surrounded 
by a broad membranous reticulated wing. 
Trees or shrubs with alternate rough serrate subdistichous leaves 
and flowers in small lateral fascicles opening before the leaves appear. 
Dr. Mayne gives us the derivation of the name of this genus of plants thus—“ As if 
from Ulinus, from wliginosus, moist or plashy, because it grows best in damp or moist 
situations.” 
Mr. Loudon, in his “ Arboretum,” says, “It is supposed to be derived from the 
Saxon word elm or ulm, a name which is applied with very slight alterations to this 
tree in all the dialects of the Celtic tongue. Ulm is still one of the German names for 
Elm, and the City of Ulm is said to derive its name from the great number of Elm 
trees that are growing near it. There are above forty places in England mentioned 
in the ‘ Doomsday Book,’ which take their name from that of the Elm, such as Barn 
Elms, Nine Elms, &c.” 
SPECIES I-ULMUS SUBEROSA. E£ivh. 
Pirates MCCLXXXV. MCCLXXXVI. 
U. campestris Linn. Sp. Pl. p. 327 (part), Planch. in Phytol. 1848, p. 35. Benth. 
Handbk. Brit. Fl. ed. ii. p. 415. Fries, Sum. Veg. Scand. p. 53. 
U. campestris, var. 6, suberosa, Koch. Syn. Fl. Germ. et Helv. ed. ii, p. 734. Gren, 
& Godr. Fl. de Fr. Vol. IIL. p. 105. Non Linn. 
Leaves acute or shortly acuminate, doubly serrate. Flowers shortly 
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