176 ENGLISH BOTANY. 
SPECIES LI—CARPINUS BETU LUS. Inn. 
Prare MCCXCHUI. 
Reich. Ic. Fl. Germ. et Helv. Vol. XII. Tab. DOXXXIL. Fig. 1296. 
Billot, Fl. Gall. et Germ. Exsice. No. 460. 
Cupule deeply 3-lobed; the central lobe twice or thrice as long as 
the lateral ones, oblong, entire or remotely serrate. Limb of the 
perianth with short ovate acute teeth. 
Var. a, genuina. 
Leaves shortly acuminate. Lobes of the cupule entire. 
Var. 2, provincialis. Gay. 
Leaves scarcely acuminate. Middle lobe of the cupule with a few 
large teeth on each side. 
In woods and hedges. Rather rare, and probably introduced in all its 
stations, except those in the south of England. Mr. Baker does not 
consider it native in Yorkshire, and in Scotland it certainly exists 
only as a planted tree. In Ireland it is only to be found in planta- 
tions. Ihave met with var. 6 in Hainault Forest, Essex, growing 
with var. a. 
England, [Scotland, Ireland]. Tree. Spring, early Summer. 
A small tree with very smooth dull lead-coloured bark. Leaves 
subdistichous, 2 to 3 inches long, oval or elliptical-oval, subcordate or 
rounded at the base, generally acute or shortly acuminate, doubly 
serrate, with the veins running straight from the midrib to the margin, 
plicate, especially when young. Male flowers appearing with the 
young leaves, from buds formed in the axils of the leaves on the wood 
of the previous year ; bud-scales lanceolate, the inner ones strapshaped. 
Male catkins pendulous, 1 to 15 inch long: catkin-scales simple, deltoid- 
ovate, acuminate or subcuspidate, very concave: stamens attached to 
the base of the scales; anthers pale yellow, strongly bearded at the 
apex. Female flowers appearing after the male, and terminating the 
young shoot of the year. Fruit racemes pendulous, 2 to 4 inches long 
or more; the middle lobe of the cupule at length 1 to 1) inch long, 
the lateral lobes much shorter. Nuts about 4 inch long, greenish- 
olive, shaped like a small chestnut, with 3 to 11 prominent longitudinal 
ribs, crowned by the 3 to 8 minute teeth of the perianth. The leaves 
are rather deep green, paler below, glabrous when mature, pilose when 
young, and also on the veins beneath when old: they bear some 
resemblance to those of the beech, but they are narrower, and con- 
spicuously and very sharply doubly serrate, and the bud-scales are 
