264 ENGLISH BOTANY. 
GENUS I—PINUS. Tournef. 
Flowers monecious. Male flowers in rather small ovoid catkins 
arranged in spikes, reduced to naked stamens: anther-cells 2, placed 
upon a scalelike shortly-stalked connective. Female flowers in ovoid 
catkins consisting of numerous imbricated scales, each scale in the 
axil of a deciduous bract, and bearing 2 inverted ovules, which are 
produced into a tube at the apex, ie. towards the axis of the catkin. 
Fruit a cone, formed of imbricated persistent woody scales, often 
thickened at the exposed part (escutcheon) of the apex. Seeds 2 on 
each scale, with a bony testa, and a very thin membranous wing ; 
albumen fleshy; cotyledons 3 to 12; radicle inferior. 
Resinous trees, rarely shrubs, with scaly buds, the primary leaves 
scarious, the secondary leaves filiform-acicular, in fascicles of 2 to 5 
in the axils of the deciduous chafilike primary leaves. Wood marked 
with disks in single rows, or if in double rows with the disks of the 
same height, in either case without spiral markings. 
The name of this genus of plants is derived from the Greek word zwoc, a pine 
tree, as used by Theophrastus. Some authors derive the word Pinus from pin or pyn, 
a mountain or rock in Celtic, in allusion to the habitat of the tree: the British towns 
Penryn, Penrith, and Penmaen, and others, are so called from being built on or near 
rocks. 
SPECIES I—PINUS SYLVESTRI S. Linn. 
Prats MCCCLXXX. 
Reich. Ic. Fl. Germ. et Helv. Vol. XI. Tab. DXXI. Fig. 1127. 
Billot, Fl. Gall. et Germ. Exsice. No. 3212. 
Leaves 2 in a fascicle, distributed all round the stem, rather long, 
rigid, channeled above, convex beneath, acute and pungent, finely car- 
tilaginous-serrulate, glaucescent. Anther-scale very slightly prolonged 
beyond the anther-cells. Cones shortly stalked, solitary or in pairs, 
rarely in whorls of 3, reflexed from the first, when mature short, 
lanceolate-conical, acute, of rather few scales; escutcheon of the scales 
much thickened, rhombic, with the diagonals nearly equal, convex, 
with a blunt transverse keel and a small reflexed central deciduous 
tubercle. Solid part of the seed one-fourth of the length from the base 
of the seed to the apex of the wing; wing pale brown, concolorous. 
On heathy mountains, formerly widely distributed, but now native 
only in the Highlands of Scotland, especially in Braemar, and at 
Rothiemurchus. Possibly in co. Mayo, a single tree, at the head of 
Lough Conn, may be the last relic of an ancient Irish forest. It is 
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——-_ Ss = SS ee 
