16 ENGLISH BOTANY. 



the keel, occasionally entirely white. Pod olive fawn-colour, f inch 

 long, with a short beak bent downwards. Seeds dark reddish- 

 brown, roundish, compressed, granulated with small prominent 

 points, and having a deej) circular depression at the hilum. Plant 

 deep-green, more or less glandular-puljesccnt. An undershrub, 

 the greater part of the stem dying in winter, the branches at first 

 imarmed, but I have never seen it without spines late in the 

 season. 



Upright Rest-JHarroio. 



Frencl], Bugrane ^pineuse. German, Dornige Baulieclid. 



By old writers tliis j)laiit is also called Camtnock- Furze or Petty Whin. Gerarde 

 says " it is sooner found than desired of husbandemen, because the tough and woodie 

 rootes are cumbersome unto them, by reason they do stale the plough and make the 

 oxen stande ; whereupon it was called Rest Plough or Rest Harrow." It seems 

 difficult to destroy it by fallowing ; and is called by old herbalists Arresta bovis 

 and Remora aratri. Gerarde says : " Pliny reporteth ' that being boyled in 0.xymel 

 (or the syrup made with hony and vineger) till the one half be wasted, it is given 

 to those that have the falling sicknesse. The tender sprigs or crops of this shrub, 

 before the thomes come forth, are preserved in pickle, and be very pleasant sauce to 

 be eaten with meat as a sallad, as Dioscorides teacheth.' " 



SPECIES II.-ON ON IS ARVENSIS. Fries. 

 Plate CCCXXXI. 



O. arvensis, "Linn" Benth. in Eng. Bot. Sup. No. 2659. Bab. Man. Brit. Bot. ed. v. 



p. 74. Fries, Sum. Veg. Scand. pp. 48 and 162 {Linn. Syst. Veg., imc. Herb.). 

 O. arvensis, " Linn." var. a, Hook. & Am. Brit. Fl. ed. viii. p. 97. Benth. Handbook 



Brit. Fl. p. 159. 

 O. pvocuvrena,Wallroth, Sched. Grit. p. 381. Gr. & Godr. Fl. de Fr. Vol. I. p. 374. 

 O. repens, "Linn." Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ, et Helv. ed. ii. p. 173. 



Rootstock very long, emitting subterranean stolons. Stem 

 procumbent and rooting at the base, then ascending or prostrate ; 

 rather weak, much branched, most commonly (but not always) 

 without spines, glandular-hairy all round. Lower leaves trifoliate, 

 the upper ones unifoliate ; leaflets oblong, or oblong-obovate, 

 denticulate at the margin. Plowers solitary and axillary in an elon- 

 gated raceme towards the upper part of the branches. Peduncles 

 shorter than the calyx. Calyx with the segments nearly equal, 

 longer than the mature pod. Corolla much longer than the calyx. 

 Pod erect, lenticular-ovoid, laterally compressed. Seeds 1 to 3. 



In pastures, sandy places, and on cliffs by the sea-coast. 

 Common, and generally distributed, except in the extreme North of 

 Scotland. 

 England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer and Autumn. 



