2 ENGLISH BOTANY. 



indefinite, monadelplious, diadelplious, or distinct, rarely triadel- 

 phous. Ovary simple, solitary, 1-celled, free from the calyx. Ovules 

 several or solitary, amphitropous or rarely anatropous. Style form- 

 ing a prolongation of the upper or ventral suture. Stigma simple. 

 Fruit a legume, very rarely a drupe ; 1-celled or more or less imper- 

 fectly 2-celled by the inflexion of one or both sutures, or divided 

 transversely by spurious dissepiments, generally opening at botli 

 the upper and lower sutures, but sometimes only at one of them, 

 or indehiscent. Seeds several or solitary. Albumen none. Embryo 

 with the radicle bent along the edge of the cotyledons. Cotyledons 

 thick and fleshy or thin and foliaceous. 



Sub-Order I.— PAPILIONACEtE. 



Herbs (which are sometimes twining or climbing), undershrubs, 

 shrubs, or more rarely trees, with simply pinnate or trifoliate, more 

 rarely digitate or unifoliate leaves. Leaflets most commonly entire 

 on the margins, but sometimes finely toothed. Elowers irregular, 

 perfect. Calyx commonly persistent, with the sepals united at the 

 base into a tube which is 5-toothed or 5-cleft : sometimes 2-lipped, 

 in which case the upper lip consists of 2 and the lower of 3 sepals ; 

 segments more or less distinctly imbricated in aestivation. Corolla 

 ])apilionaceous, frequently persistent and withering, consisting of 

 5 petals (of which, however, some or all are occasionally abortive), 

 with imbricated aestivation. Uppermost petal, named the standard 

 or vexillum, exterior to the others, folded and enclosing them in 

 the bud, usually the largest, frequently reflexed when the flowers 

 are expanded ; lateral pair of petals, called the wings or alae, 

 within the standard but exterior to the lowest pair, generally flat 

 or concave, erect or slightly spreading ; lowest pair of petals interior 

 to all the others, connivent and generally cohering at their anterior 

 edges, and together forming the keel or carina, sometimes adhering 

 at the base to the wings. Stamens inserted along with the petals 

 at the base of the calyx-tube, 10 (very rarely only 5) in number. 

 Eilaments united into a long tube, which is sometimes entire, 

 sometimes longitudinally cleft (monadelplious), or the tube may 

 be formed of 9 stamens, the tenth, which is the uppermost one, 

 separate (diadelplious) ; very rarely the filaments are entirely free. 

 Anthers 2-lobed. Ovary not adhering to the tube of the calyx 



